There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual's intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.
1.This selection can best be titled_________.
a.Measuring Your Intelligence
b.Intelligence and Environment
c.The Case of Peter and Mark
d.How the brain Influences Intelligence
2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _____.
a.human brains differ considerably
b.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligence
c.environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligence
d. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence
3.According to the passage , the average I.Q.is _____.
a.85 b.100 c.110 d.125
4.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.
a.individual with identical brains seldom test at same level
b.an individual's intelligence is determined only by his enviroment
c.lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence
d.changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain
5.This passage suggests that an individual 's I.Q.______.
a.can be predicted at birth
b.stays the same throuthout his life
c.can be increased by education
d.is determined by his childhood
答案：bcbcc
Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there are so few women full professors. In 1985,Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration for not encouraging women.The University was rated among the lowest for the system.In a 1987 update ,Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for even more improvement.
One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to inform women of available administrative jobs.
College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon,said it is important that woman be flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks.
Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus , many times in order for her to succeed , she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work.
Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the University and all academia,inequities will exist.
"Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that are important here at the University." Spirduso said. "If they do that will be successful in this system.If they spend their time in little groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time."
1.According to Spirduso,women need to ____.
a.produce a report on sexual discrimination
b.call for further improvement in their working conditions
c.spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discrimination
d.spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities
2.From this passage ,we know that _____.
a.there are many women full professors in the University of Texas
b.women play an important part in adminitrating the University
c.the weather on the campus is chilly
d.women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the University
3.Which of the following statements is true?
a.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater than that of 1985
b.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was smaller than that of 1985
c.the number of women professors was the same as that of 1985
d.more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did exit in the University
4.One of the positive results from Milburn's study was that _____.
a.women were told to con centrate on teir work
b.women were given information about available administrative jobs
c.women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unversity
d.women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities
5. The title for this passage should be _______.
a.The University of Texas b.Milburn's Report
c.Women Professors d.Sexual Discrimination in Academia
答案：ddabd
What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow , orange ,red? If you do ,you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet,shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know,because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colours preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. They tells us, among other facts,that we do not choose our favourite clour as we grow up----we are born with our preference.If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.
Colours do influence our moods-there is no doubt about it .A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand ,black is depressing. A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area ----until it was repainter green.The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply ;perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.
Light and bright colours make people not only hppier but more active. It is an established fact that factory workers work better,harder ,and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.
1."You would rather follow than red" means_______.
a.you don't like to follow others
b.you would be a member rather than a leader
c.you would be afraid of following others
d.you would like to be a leader rather than a follower
2.If one enjoys life, one is sure to prefer________.
a.red to yellow b.blue to orange c.red to grey d.blue to yellow
3."They tell us, among other facts,that we don't choose our favourite colours as we grow up." "Among other facts" means______.
a.besides other facts b.in regard to other facts
c.not considering other facts d.according to other facts
4.Which of the following is facts?
a.People's preference of one colour to another is instinct
b.People's preference of one colour to another is acquired as they grow up.
c.More people happen to love brown because they saw something brown when they were born
d.Colours have little influence on our moods
5.Those who committed suicide preferred the bridge over the Thames River near london to others because of _______.
a.its shape b.its structure c.its colour d.its building materials
答案：bcaac
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