專四最常用的固定搭配總結(jié)
固定搭配
1.52.Duringthefamine,manypeoplewere________togoingwithout
foodfordays.(201*年真題52)
A.sunkB.reducedC.forcedD.declined
[解說(shuō)]正確答案為B.reduce與介詞to搭配,bereducedtosth./doingsth意為
“使陷入不良境遇”;force意為“迫使”,常帶有主觀色彩,受某種主觀力量的驅(qū)使,beforcedtodosth;declined意為“衰落;降低”;sink意為“下沉;倒下”,sunk、declined沒(méi)有bedoneto用法。2.56.Themultinationalcorporationwasmakingatake-over________for
apropertycompany.(201*年真題56)
A.applicationB.bidC.proposalD.suggestion
[解說(shuō)]正確答案為B.makeabidfor表示在競(jìng)標(biāo)、拍賣(mài)、競(jìng)選中“投標(biāo),申辦”或“參
加競(jìng)選”,如:Hemadeabidforthepresidency.(他參加了總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選)。Makeanapplicationfor表示“申請(qǐng)”或“請(qǐng)求”。Makeaproposaltosb.表示“向….求婚”。Makeasuggestion.表示“提出建議”。
3.55.________William!Iknowhewouldwin.(201*年真題55)
A.ThanksB.GoodnessknowsC.ThankcompletedD.Goodold[解說(shuō)]正確答案為D.Goodold+人名(Jonh/William)表示對(duì)人(不負(fù)眾望)的行為表示贊賞。
4.68.Thethievesfledwiththelocalpolicecloseontheir__.
(201*年真題68)
AbacksBnecksCtoesDheels
[解說(shuō)]正確答案為D.固定搭配:onone’sheels表示“緊隨其后,緊追不舍”。
5.67.Therearestillmanyproblemaheadofus,butbyhistimenextyearwe
canseelightattheendofthe_________.(201*年真題67)A.battleB.dayC.roadD.tunnel[解說(shuō)]正確答案為D.固定搭配:lightattheendoftunnel表示“曙光在前,勝利在
望”。
6.68.Werealizedthathewasundergreat_________,sowetooknonoticeofhisbadtemper.(201*年真題68)
A.excitementB.stressC.crisisD.nervousness[解說(shuō)]正確答案為B.固定搭配:underthestress;beincrisis;withexcitement/nervousness.
7.57.Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat__attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.(1997年真題57)
[A]annoyance[B]offence[C]resentment[D]irritation[解說(shuō)]正確答案B.offence意為“冒犯;令人討厭的事物”,常用takeoffenceatsth.,
意為“因某事而不悅(生氣),對(duì)……生氣”;annoyance“煩惱,討厭的東西”;resentment意為“不滿,怨恨”;irritation意為“激怒,刺激”,這三個(gè)詞均不與take搭配,故選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。
8.58.Topicsforcompositionshouldbe__totheexperienceandinterestsofthestudents.(1997年真題58)
[A]concerned[B]dependent[C]connecting[D]relevant[解說(shuō)]正確答案為D.concerned常與with搭配,構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)beconcernedwith,意
為“牽涉到,與……有關(guān)”;dependent意為“依賴的,有關(guān)的”,常用于bedependenton/upon,意為“視……而定,依賴于”;connecting意為“連接的,”可與with和to搭配,意為“與……相連”;relevant意為“有關(guān)的,相關(guān)的”,常用于berelevantto,意為“與……有關(guān)的”。根據(jù)句意,此處是“與……有關(guān)”的意思,故應(yīng)選D。
9.60.Sometimesthestudentmaybeaskedtowriteabouthis__toacertainbookorarticlethathassomehearingonthesubjectbeingstudied.(1997年真題60)
[A]reaction[B]comment[C]impression[D]comprehension[解說(shuō)]正確答案為A.reactionto表示“對(duì)……的反應(yīng),對(duì)……的看法或意見(jiàn)”;comment后接介詞on,表示“有關(guān)……的評(píng)論”;impression和comprehension都與介詞of搭配。根據(jù)句意及搭配,選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。
10.65.Asadevelopingcountry,wemustkeep___withtherapid
developmentoftheworldeconomy.(1999年真題65)A.moveB.stepC.speedD.pace[解說(shuō)]正確答案為D.keeppacewith意思是“跟上……,與……并駕齊驅(qū)”;beinstep
with意思是“與……同步(相協(xié)調(diào))”;keep(in)stepwith意思是“與……保持同步(步調(diào)一致)”;move和speed都不能用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句意及其搭配,答案應(yīng)選D。
11.18.Hisfatherisaman________ofjudgingart.(模擬題第1套18題)A.ableb.capablec.competentd.qualified[解說(shuō)]正確答案為B.capable常與of連用,既可指人,也可指物,強(qiáng)調(diào)具有適合做
某事的一般能力或才干。Able常與動(dòng)詞不定式連用,一般指人,強(qiáng)調(diào)行動(dòng)或?qū)嵺`方面的能力,有時(shí)也用指高潮的、非凡的能力,如:Mostlittlechildrenareabletowalkbeforetheyareabletotalk.Competent強(qiáng)調(diào)具有勝任某種工作的足夠技能或其它所需的條件與能力,如:Hewantstofindacompetentdoctor.Qualified強(qiáng)調(diào)達(dá)到了做某種工作所必須的起碼條件和資格,如:HisbrotheriswellqualifiedinteachingEnglish.
12.65.Justasthesoilisapartoftheearth,_______theatmosphere.(模擬題第3套65題)
A.asitisB.soisC.thesameasD.andsois[解說(shuō)]正確答案為B.justas…,so…固定搭配,表示“正如…,…也…
擴(kuò)展閱讀:高考常用固定搭配總結(jié)
高考常用固定搭配總結(jié)
一、接不定式(而不接動(dòng)名詞)作賓語(yǔ)的24個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞
affordtodosth.負(fù)擔(dān)得起做某事agreetodosth.同意做某事arrangetodosth.安排做某事asktodosth.要求做某事begtodosth.請(qǐng)求做某事caretodosth.想要做某事choosetodosth.決定做某事decidetodosth.決定做某事demandtodosth.要求做某事determinetodosth.決心做某事expecttodosth.期待做某事feartodosth.害怕做某事helptodosth.幫助做某事hopetodosth.希望做某事learntodosth.學(xué)習(xí)做某事managetodosth.設(shè)法做某事offertodosth.主動(dòng)提出做某事plantodosth.計(jì)劃做某事preparetodosth.準(zhǔn)備做某事pretendtodosth.假裝做某事promisetodosth.答應(yīng)做某事refusetodosth.拒絕做某事wanttodosth.想要做某事wishtodosth.希望做某事aimtodosth.打算做某事failtodosth.未能做某事longtodosth.渴望做某事happentodosth.碰巧做某事hesitatetodosth.猶豫做某事struggletodosth.努力做某事
“原諒某人做某事”excuse[forgive]sb.fordoingsth.。“希望某人做某事”wishsb.todosth.。“建議某人做某事”advisesb.todosth.。“安排某人做某事”arrangeforsb.todosth.!耙竽橙俗瞿呈隆眃emandofsb.todosth.!案兄x某人做某事”thanksb.fordoingsth.。
“祝賀某人做某事”congratulatesb.ondoingsth.。“阻止某人做某事”preventsb.fromdoingsth.。
二、接不定式作賓補(bǔ)的36個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞advisesb.todosth.建議某人做某事allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事asksb.todosth.請(qǐng)(叫)某人做某事bearsb.todosth.忍受某人做某事begsb.todosth.請(qǐng)求某人做某事causesb.todosth.導(dǎo)致某人做某事
commandsb.todosth.命令某人做某事drivesb.todosth.驅(qū)使某人做某事electsb.todosth.選舉某人做某事
encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事expectsb.todosth.期望某人做某事forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事forcesb.todosth.強(qiáng)迫某人做某事getsb.todosth.使(要)某人做某事hatesb.todosth.討厭某人做某事helpsb.todosth.幫助某人做某事
intendsb.todosth.打算要某人做某事invitesb.todosth.邀請(qǐng)某人做某事leavesb.todosth.留下某人做某事likesb.todosth.喜歡某人做某事
meansb.todosth.打算要某人做某事needsb.todosth.需要某人做某事obligesb.todosth.迫使某人做某事ordersb.todosth.命令某人做某事permitsb.todosth.允許某人做某事persuadesb.todosth.說(shuō)服某人做某事prefersb.todosth.寧愿某人做某事requestsb.todosth.要求某人做某事remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事teachsb.todosth.教某人做某事tellsb.todosth.告訴某人做某事
trainsb.todosth.訓(xùn)練某人做某事troublesb.todosth.麻煩某人做某事wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事warnsb.todosth.警告某人做某事wishsb.todosth.希望某人做某事三、接動(dòng)名詞(不接不定式)作賓語(yǔ)的34個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞
admitdoingsth.承認(rèn)做某事advisedoingsth.建議做某事allowdoingsth.允許做某事appreciatedoingsth.感激做某事avoiddoingsth.避免做某事considerdoingsth.考慮做某事delaydoingsth.推遲做某事denydoingsth.否認(rèn)做某事discussdoingsth.討論做某事dislikedoingsth.不喜歡做某事enjoydoingsth.喜愛(ài)做某事escapedoingsth.逃脫做某事excusedoingsth.原諒做某事fancydoingsth.設(shè)想做某事
finishdoingsth.完成做某事forbiddoingsth.禁止做某事forgivedoingsth.原諒做某事giveupdoingsth.放棄做某事imaginedoingsth.想象做某事keepdoingsth.保持做某事mentiondoingsth.提及做某事minddoingsth.介意做某事
missdoingsth.錯(cuò)過(guò)做某事pardondoingsth.原諒做某事permitdoingsth.允許做某事practicedoingsth.練習(xí)做某事preventdoingsth.阻止做某事prohibitdoingsth.禁止做某事putoffdoingsth.推遲做某事reportdoingsth.報(bào)告做某事riskdoingsth.冒險(xiǎn)做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事
suggestdoingsth.建議做某事understanddoingsth.理解做某事
四、接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的20個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞
bringsb.doingsth.引起某人做某事catchsb.doingsth.碰上(撞上)某人做某事discoversb.doingsth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事feelsb.doingsth.感覺(jué)某人做某事findsb.doingsth.碰上(撞上)某人做某事getsb.doingsth.使某人做某事
havesb.doingsth.使某人做某事hearsb.doingsth.聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人做某事keepsb.doingsth.使某人不停地做某事listentosb.doingsth.聽(tīng)某人做某事
lookatsb.doingsth.看著某人做某事noticesb.doingsth.注意到某人做某事observesb.doingsth.觀察某人做某事preventsb.doingsth.阻止某人做某事seesb.doingsth.看見(jiàn)某人做某事sendsb.doingsth.使某人(突然)做某事setsb.doingsth.使(引起)某人做某事startsb.doingsth.使某人開(kāi)始做某事
stopsb.doingsth.阻止某人做某事watchsb.doingsth.觀五、接動(dòng)詞原形作賓補(bǔ)=feelsb.dosth.感覺(jué)某人做某事havesb.dosth.使某人做某事hearsb.dosth.聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人做某事letsb.dosth.讓某人做某事
listentosb.dosth.聽(tīng)著某人做某事lookatsb.dosth.看著某人做某事makesb.dosth.使某人做某事noticesb.dosth.注意某人做某事observesb.dosth.觀察某人做某事seesb.dosth.看見(jiàn)某人做某事watchsb.dosth.觀察某人做某事
六、接不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)意思相同的12個(gè)動(dòng)詞
liketodosth/likedoingsth.喜歡做某事attempttodosth/attemptdoingsth.試圖做某事lovetodosth/lovedoingsth.喜歡做某事hatetodosth/hatedoingsth.憎恨做某事prefertodosth/preferdoingsth.寧可做某事begintodosth/begindoingsth.開(kāi)始做某事starttodosth/startdoingsth.開(kāi)始做某事
continuetodosth/continuedoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事
can’tbeartodosth/can’tbeardoingsth.不能忍受做某事bothertodosth/botherdoingsth.麻煩做某事intendtodosth/intenddoingsth.想要做某事
七、接不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)意思不同的7個(gè)動(dòng)詞
(1)remembertodosth.記住要做某事rememberdoingsth.記住曾做過(guò)某事(2)forgettodosth.忘記要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記曾做過(guò)某事(3)regrettodosth.后悔(遺憾)要做某事regretdoingsth.后悔(遺憾)曾做過(guò)某事(4)trytodosth.設(shè)法要做某事trydoingsth.做某事試試看有何效果(5)meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味著做某事(6)can’thelptodosth.不能幫助做某事can’thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事(7)goontodosth.做完某事后接著做另一事goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做一直在做的事
注:stoptodosth.與stopdoingsth.也不同,前者指停下來(lái)去做某事,后者指停止正在做的事,但stoptodosth.中的不定式不是賓語(yǔ),是目的狀語(yǔ)。八、可接雙賓語(yǔ)的38個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞
(1)雙賓語(yǔ)易位時(shí)需借助介詞to的常用動(dòng)詞awardsb.sth.=awardsth.tosb.頒獎(jiǎng)給某人bringsb.sth.=bringsth.tosb.把某物帶給某人handsb.sth.=handsth.tosb.把某物遞給某人lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.把某物借給某人mailsb.sth.=mailsth.tosb.把某物寄給某人offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.將某物給某人owesb.sth.=owesth.tosb.欠某人某物
passsb.sth.=passsth.tosb.把某物遞給某人paysb.sth.=paysth.tosb.付給某人某物(錢(qián))postsb.sth.=poststh.tosb.把某物寄給某人readsb.sth.=readsth.tosb.把某物讀給某人聽(tīng)returnsb.sth.=returnsth.tosb.把某物還給某人sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb.把某物送給某人sellsb.sth.=sellsth.tosb.把某物賣(mài)給某人
servesb.sth.=servesth.tosb.拿某物招待某人showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.拿某物給某人看takesb.sth.=takesth.tosb.把某物拿給某人teachsb.sth.=teachsth.tosb.教某人某物tellsb.sth.=tellsth.tosb.告訴某人某情況
throwsb.sth.=throwsth.tosb.把某物扔給某人writesb.sth.=writesth.tosb.給某人寫(xiě)信(2)雙賓語(yǔ)易位時(shí)需借助介詞for的常用動(dòng)詞
booksb.sth.=booksth.forsb.為某人預(yù)定某物buysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.為某人買(mǎi)某物
choosesb.sth.=choosesth.forsb.為某人選某物cooksb.sth.=cooksth.forsb.為某人煮某物drawsb.sth.=drawsth.forsb.為某人畫(huà)某物fetchsb.sth.=fetchsth.forsb.為某人去取某物findsb.sth.=findsth.forsb.為某人找到某物fixsb.sth.=fixsth.forsb.為某人準(zhǔn)備某物getsb.sth.=getsth.forsb.為某人拿來(lái)某物makesb.sth.=makesth.forsb.為某人做某物ordersb.sth.=ordersth.forsb.為某人訂購(gòu)某物picksb.sth.=picksth.forsb.為某人采摘某物
preparesb.sth.=preparesth.forsb.為某人準(zhǔn)備某物savesb.sth.=savesth.forsb.為某人留某物
singsb.sth.=singsth.forsb.為某人唱某物(歌)sparesb.sth.=sparesth.forsb.為某人讓出某物stealsb.sth.=stealsth.forsb.為某人偷某物
九、可用于“動(dòng)詞+sb+ofsth”的8個(gè)常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞accusesb.ofsth.控告某人犯某事(罪),指責(zé)某人做某事
cheatsb.fosth.騙取某人某物
curesb.ofsth.治好某人的病,改掉某人的壞習(xí)慣informsb.ofsth.通知某人某情況(事)remindsb.ofsth.使某人想起某情況(事)ridsb.ofsth.使某人擺脫某物robsb.ofsth.搶劫某人的某東西warnsb.ofsth.警告某人有某情況
十、可用于“動(dòng)詞+sb+fordoingsth”的8個(gè)常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞
blamesb.fordoingsth.指責(zé)某人做某事criticizesb.fordoingsth.批評(píng)某人做某事forgivesb.fordoingsth.原諒某人做某事excusesb.fordoingsth.原諒某人做某事pardonsb.fordoingsth.原諒某人做某事punishsb.fordoingsth.懲罰某人做某事
scoldsb.fordoingsth.指責(zé)(責(zé)備)某人做某事thanksb.fordoingsth.感謝某人做某事
十一、可用于“動(dòng)詞+sb+intodoingsth”的9個(gè)常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞
cheatsb.intodoingsth.欺騙某人做某事tricksb.intodoingsth.欺騙某人做某事foodsb.intodoingsth.欺騙某人做某事forcesb.intodoingsth.迫使某人做某事arguesb.intodoingsth.說(shuō)服某人做某事talksb.intodoingsth.說(shuō)服某人做某事
terrifysb.intodoingsth.威脅某人做某事frightensb.intodoingsth.嚇唬某人做某事persuadesb.intodoingsth.說(shuō)服某人做某事
十二、容易誤用作及物動(dòng)詞的9個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞
誤:dealaproblem正:dealwithaproblem處理問(wèn)題誤:dependsb.正:dependonsb.依靠(依賴)某人誤:insistdoingsth.正:insistondoingsth.堅(jiān)持要做某事誤:knockthedoor正:knockon[at]thedoor敲門(mén)誤:operatesb.正:operateonsb.為某人做手術(shù)誤:participatesth.正:participateinsth.參加某事誤:refersth.正:refertosth.查閱(參考)某物
誤:relysb./sth.正:relyonsb./sth.依靠(依賴)某人(某物誤:replyaletter正:replytoaletter回信
注:在某些其他用法中,以上有的動(dòng)詞也可能及物,如insist,reply等動(dòng)詞后可接賓語(yǔ)從句,operate表示“操作”、“管理”等時(shí)則及物。
十三、容易誤用作不及物動(dòng)詞的8個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞
誤:serveforsb.正:servesb.為某人服務(wù)誤:marrywithsb.正:marrysb.與某人結(jié)婚誤:discussaboutsth.正:discusssth.討論某事誤:mentionaboutsth.正:mentionsth.提到某事誤:enterintoaroom正:enteraroom進(jìn)入房間誤:contactwithsb.正:contactsb.與某人聯(lián)系誤:equaltosth.正:equalsth.等于某物誤:ringtosb.正:ringsb.給某人打電話
十四、17個(gè)常用“be+形容詞+about”結(jié)構(gòu)
beangryabout為……生氣beanxiousabout為……擔(dān)憂becarefulabout當(dāng)心……becertainabout確信……becuriousabout對(duì)……好奇bedisappointedabout對(duì)……失望beexcitedabout對(duì)……感到興奮begladabout對(duì)……感到高興
behappyabout為……感到高興behopefulabout對(duì)……抱有希望bemadabout對(duì)……入迷benervousabout為……感到不安beparticularabout對(duì)……講究besadabout為……而難過(guò)
beseriousabout對(duì)……認(rèn)真besureabout對(duì)……有把握beworriedabout為……擔(dān)憂
十五、10個(gè)常用“be+形容詞+at”結(jié)構(gòu)
beangryat為……生氣becleverat擅長(zhǎng)于……beexpertat在……方面是內(nèi)行bemadat對(duì)……發(fā)怒beskilfulat在……方面熟練
十六、18個(gè)常用“be+形容詞+for”結(jié)構(gòu)
beanxiousfor渴望beboundfor前往beconvenientfor對(duì)……方便,在……附近befamousfor因……聞名begoodfor對(duì)……有益(方便)behungryfor渴望得到benecessaryfor對(duì)……有必要besorryfor因……抱歉bethankfulfor因……而感激
十七、6個(gè)常用“be+形容詞+from”結(jié)構(gòu)
beabsentfrom缺席,不在befarfrom離……遠(yuǎn),遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不besafefrom沒(méi)有……的危險(xiǎn)
十八、13個(gè)常用“be+形容詞+in”結(jié)構(gòu)
beconcernedin與……有關(guān)beengagedin從事于,忙于beexpertin在……方面是行家behonestin在……方面誠(chéng)實(shí)belackin缺乏beskilfulin擅長(zhǎng)于beweakin在……方面不行
十九、18個(gè)常用“be+形容詞+of”結(jié)構(gòu)
beafraidof害怕beawareof意識(shí)到,知道becarefulof小心,留心bebadat不善于……bedisappointedat對(duì)……失望begoodat善于……
bequickat在……方面敏捷beslowat在……方面遲鈍
bebadfor對(duì)……有害,對(duì)……不利becelebratedfor以……出名渴望
befitfor合適,適合begratefulfor感謝
belatefor遲到bereadyfor為……準(zhǔn)備好
besuitablefor對(duì)……合適(適宜)bewell-knownfor以……出名bedifferentfrom與……不同befreefrom沒(méi)有,免受betiredfrom因……而疲勞
bedisappointedin對(duì)(某人)感到失望beexperiencedin在……方面有經(jīng)驗(yàn)befortunatein在……方面幸運(yùn)beinterestedin對(duì)……感興趣
berichin富于,在……方面富有besuccessfulin在……方面成功beashamedof為……感到羞愧becapableof能夠,可以
becertainof確信,對(duì)……有把握
beeagerforbefondof喜歡befreeof沒(méi)有,擺脫befullof充滿begladof為……而高興
benervousof害怕beproudof為……自豪beshortof缺乏beshyof不好意思besickof對(duì)……厭倦besureof肯定,有把握betiredof對(duì)……厭煩beworthyof只得,配得上
二十、20個(gè)常用“be+形容詞+to”結(jié)構(gòu)
beaccustomedto習(xí)慣于beblindto對(duì)……視而不見(jiàn)
becloseto靠近,接近becruelto對(duì)……殘酷,對(duì)……無(wú)情bedevotedto獻(xiàn)身,專心于beequalto等于,能勝任
befamiliarto為(某人)所熟悉beimportantto對(duì)……重要beopposedto反對(duì),不贊成bepoliteto對(duì)……有禮貌berespectfulto尊敬besimilarto與……相似beusedto習(xí)慣于
二十一、16個(gè)常用“be+形容詞+with”結(jié)構(gòu)
beangrywith對(duì)(某人)生氣bebusywith忙于beconcernedwith關(guān)于,與……有關(guān)bedelightedwith對(duì)……感到高興befamiliarwith熟悉,精通beillwith患……病bepleasedwith對(duì)……滿意(高興)besatisfiedwith對(duì)……滿意
二十二、24個(gè)常用“in+其他詞+of”結(jié)構(gòu)
inadvanceof在……前面inbehalfof為了,為了……的利益incelebrationof慶祝incommemorationof紀(jì)念,慶祝inexplanationof解釋infavourof贊成,主張inhonorof紀(jì)念,祝賀,歡迎inneedof需要inpossessionof擁有inrespectof關(guān)于,就……而言insightof看得見(jiàn),在看見(jiàn)……的地方insupportof為了支持(擁護(hù))……注:同時(shí)注意一下相似結(jié)構(gòu):
inexchangefor作為對(duì)……的交換inreturnfor作為……的報(bào)答inadditionto加之,除……之外incontrastto[with]與……形成對(duì)比beharmfulto對(duì)……有危害
beopento對(duì)……開(kāi)放,易受到beoppositeto在……對(duì)面,和……相反berelatedto與……有關(guān)(是親戚)berudeto對(duì)……無(wú)禮betrueto忠實(shí)于,信守
beusefulto對(duì)……有用beboredwith對(duì)……厭煩becarefulwith小心becontentwith以……為滿足
bedisappointedwith對(duì)(某人)失望behonestwith對(duì)(某人)真誠(chéng)bepatientwith對(duì)(某人)有耐心bepopularwith受……歡迎bestrictwith對(duì)(某人)嚴(yán)格inaidof幫助
incaseof如果,萬(wàn)一,以防
inchargeof負(fù)責(zé),管理indefenceof保衛(wèi)
infaceof面對(duì)infrontof在……前面inmemoryof紀(jì)念inplaceof代替inpraiseof稱贊insearchof尋找,搜找雖然,盡管
inviewof鑒于,考慮到inpreparationfor為……作準(zhǔn)備inrewardfor作為……的報(bào)酬inanswerto回答,響應(yīng)
inoppositionto與……相反,反對(duì)
inspiteofinreplyto作為對(duì)……的回答(答復(fù))inresponseto回答,響應(yīng)
in[with]referenceto關(guān)于in[with]regardto關(guān)于
二十三、27個(gè)帶todoingsth.的常用結(jié)構(gòu)1.動(dòng)詞+介詞to+動(dòng)名詞
(1)admittodoingsth.承認(rèn)做了某事(2)applytodoingsth.適用于做某事(3)objecttodoingsth.反對(duì)做某事(4)seetodoingsth.負(fù)責(zé)做某事(5)sticktodoingsth.堅(jiān)持做某事
(6)taketodoingsth.喜歡上做某事,逐漸習(xí)慣做某事
2.動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+介詞to+動(dòng)名詞
(1)applyoneselftodoingsth.專心致力于做某事(2)devotesth.todoingsth.把……獻(xiàn)給做某事(3)devoteoneselftodoingsth.獻(xiàn)身于做某事
(4)limitsth.todoingsth.把……限制在做某事的范圍內(nèi)(5)reducesb.todoingsth.使某人淪為做某事
3.動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞to+動(dòng)名詞
(1)giveone’slifetodoingsth.獻(xiàn)身于做某事(2)giveone’smindtodoingsth.專心做某事(3)haveadisliketodoingsth.厭惡做某事(4)haveaneyetodoingsth.注意做某事
(5)haveanobjectiontodoingsth.反對(duì)(反感)做某事(6)payattentiontodoingsth.注意做某事(7)setone’smindtodoingsth.決心做某事
4.be+形容詞+介詞to+動(dòng)名詞
(1)beequaltodoingsth.等于做某事,能勝任做某事(2)beusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣于做某事(3)beopposedtodoingsth.反對(duì)做某事
(4)bereducedtodoingsth.使某人淪為做某事
(5)bedevotedtodoingsth.把時(shí)間(錢(qián),精力等)獻(xiàn)給做某事(6)belimitedtodoingsth.把……限制在做某事的范圍內(nèi)
5.其他結(jié)構(gòu)+介詞to+動(dòng)名詞
(1)getdowntodoingsth.開(kāi)始做某事,認(rèn)真處理某事(2)lookforwardtodoingsth.盼望做某事
(3)Whatdoyousaytodoingsth?你認(rèn)為做某事如何?不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):
英語(yǔ)里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的,現(xiàn)歸納如下:
1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice
2單復(fù)數(shù)相同sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,speciesli,yuan,jin,
3只有復(fù)數(shù)形式ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents4一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)people,police,cattle,staff
5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)(整體)也可以作復(fù)數(shù)(成員)audience,class,fa
mily,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party
6復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs(海關(guān)),forces(軍隊(duì)),times(時(shí)代),spirits(情緒),drinks(飲料),sands(沙灘),papers(文件報(bào)紙),manners(禮貌),looks(外表),brains(頭腦智力),greens(青菜),ruins(廢墟)
7表示“某國(guó)人”加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans單復(fù)數(shù)同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese
以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為-men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen
8合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends
無(wú)主體名詞時(shí)將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)womensingers,menservantsIII.名詞的所有格:
名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語(yǔ)法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種:一是名詞詞尾加’s構(gòu)成,二是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成。前者多表示有生命的東西,后者多表示無(wú)生命的東西。1.’s所有格的構(gòu)成:
單數(shù)名詞在末尾加’stheboy’sfather,Jack’sbook,herson-in-law’sphoto,復(fù)數(shù)名詞一般在末尾加’theteachers’room,thetwins’mother,不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加’sthechildren’stoys,women’srights,
以s結(jié)尾的人名所有格加’s或者’Dickens’novels,Charles’sjob,theSmiths’house表示各自的所有關(guān)系時(shí),各名詞末尾均須加’sJapan’sandAmerica’sproblems,Jane’sandMary’sbikes表示共有的所有關(guān)系時(shí)在最后一詞末加’sJapanandAmerica’sproblems,Janeand
Mary’sfather表示"某人家""店鋪",所有格后名詞省略thedoctor’s,thebarber’s,thetailor’s,myuncle’s
2.’s所有格的用法:
1表示時(shí)間today’snewspaper,fiveweeks’holiday
2表示自然現(xiàn)象theearth’satmosphere,thetree’sbranches
3表示國(guó)家城市等地方的名詞thecountry’splan,theworld’spopulation,China’sindustry4表示工作群體theship’screw,majority’sview,theteam’svictory5表示度量衡及價(jià)值amile’sjourney,fivedollars’worthofapples6與人類活動(dòng)有特殊關(guān)系的名詞thelife’stime,theplay’splot
7某些固定詞組abird’seyeview,astone’sthrow,atone’swit’send(不知所措)3.of所有格的用法:
用于無(wú)生命的東西:thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook
用于有生命的東西,尤其是有較長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)時(shí):theclassroomsofthefirst-yearstudents用于名詞化的詞:thestruggleoftheoppressed二.冠詞
冠詞分為不定冠詞(a,an),定冠詞(the),和零冠詞。I.不定冠詞的用法:
1指一類人或事,相當(dāng)于akindofAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2第一次提及某人某物,非特指Aboyiswaitingforyou.
3表示“每一”相當(dāng)于every,oneWestudyeighthoursaday.4表示“相同”相當(dāng)于thesameWearenearlyofanage.
5用于人名前,表示不認(rèn)識(shí)此人或與某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事AMr.SmithcametovisityouwhenyouwereoutThatboyisratheraLeiFeng.
6用于固定詞組中Acoupleof,abit,onceuponatime,inahurry,haveawalk,manyatime
7用于quite,rather,many,half,what,such之后Thisroomisratherabigone.8用于so(as,too,how)+形容詞之后Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.II.定冠詞的用法:
1表示某一類人或物Thehorseisausefulanimal.
2用于世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物名詞前theuniverse,themoon,thePacificOcean3表示說(shuō)話雙方都了解的或上文提到過(guò)的人或事Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?
4用于樂(lè)器前面playtheviolin,playtheguitar
5用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人thereach,theliving,thewounded6表示“一家人”或“夫婦”theGreens,theWangs
7用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)前Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.8用于國(guó)家黨派等以及江河湖海,山川群島的名詞前theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theFrench
9用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前ThecompasswasinventedinChina.10在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前,指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代inthe1990’s11用于表示單位的名詞前Ihiredthecarbythehour.
12用于方位名詞,身體部位名詞,及表示時(shí)間的詞組前Hepattedmeontheshoulder.
右腦王英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)30天學(xué)不會(huì)英語(yǔ)全額退款官方網(wǎng)站III.零冠詞的用法:
1專有名詞,物質(zhì)名詞,抽象名詞,人名地名等名詞前BeijingUniversity,Jack,China,love,air
2名詞前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制Iwantthisbook,notthatone./Whosepurseisthis?
3季節(jié),月份,星期,節(jié)假日,一日三餐前March,Sunday,NationalDay,spring4表示職位,身份,頭銜的名詞前LincolnwasmadePresidentofAmerica.5學(xué)科,語(yǔ)言,球類,棋類名詞前Helikesplayingfootball/chess.6與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前bytrain,byair,byland
7以and連接的兩個(gè)相對(duì)的名詞并用時(shí)husbandandwife,knifeandfork,dayandnight
8表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前Horsesareusefulanimals.__2.each和every:
each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)別,代表的數(shù)可以是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上,而every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體,所指的數(shù)必須是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上。
Eachstudenthasapocketdictionary./Each(ofus)hasadictionary./Weeachhaveadictionary.Everystudenthasstrongandweakpoints./Everyoneofushasstrongandweakpoints.3.none和no:
no等于notany,作定語(yǔ)。none作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),代替不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),代替可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)皆可以。Thereisnowaterinthebottle.Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?None.
Noneofthestudentsare(is)afraidofdifficulties.4.other和another:
1)other泛指“另外的,別的”常與其他詞連用,如:theotherday,everyotherweek,someotherreason,nootherway,
theother特指兩者中的另外一個(gè),復(fù)數(shù)為theothers。如:Heheldabookinonehandandhisnotesintheother.
Twostudentsinourclassfailed,butalltheotherspassedtheexam.
2)another指“又一個(gè),另一個(gè)”無(wú)所指,復(fù)數(shù)形式是others,泛指“別的人或事”如:Idon’tlikethisshirt,pleaseshowmeanother(one).
Thetrousersaretoolong,pleasegivemeanotherpair/someothers.Somelikefootball,whileotherslikebasketball.5.all和both,neither和either
all表示不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。both和all加否定詞表示部分否定,全部否定用neither和none.
AllofthebooksarenotwritteninEnglish./NotallofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.Bothofusarenotteachers./Notbothofusareteachers./Eitherofusisateacher.(四)多個(gè)形容詞并開(kāi)修飾一個(gè)名詞的問(wèn)題
有兩三個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí),與被修飾名詞關(guān)系較密切的形容詞靠近名詞。若有多個(gè)形容詞修飾,可用下面這句話來(lái)判斷、排列它們的順序:縣官行令殺國(guó)材。
其意思是:縣(限)代表限定詞,包括冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞,所有格,數(shù)字等。官(觀)代表表示觀點(diǎn)的描繪性形容詞,eg:finebeautifulinteresting等。
行(形)代表表示大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低及形狀的形容詞:eg:smalltall,high,little,round等。令代表表示年齡、新舊的形容詞:eg:old,young等。
殺色(近似音)代表表示顏色的形容詞:eg:white,black等。
國(guó)代表國(guó)籍、地區(qū)、出處的形容詞:eg:Englsih,American,mountain等。材代表形成中心名詞的材料的形容詞,eg:wooden,silk,plastic,stone等。請(qǐng)看下面的例子:afineoldstonebridge;
twobigroundnewChinesewoodentables;hislargenewblackforeigncar.(五)序數(shù)詞中的特殊詞:
記憶序數(shù)詞中的特殊詞時(shí),可用順口溜來(lái)記:
八去t,九減e,f來(lái)把ve替,若是遇上幾十幾,ie就把y來(lái)替。即:eighth,ninth,fifth,twelfth,twentieth,thirtieth...(六)一些動(dòng)詞1.lie的變化
記憶lie的變化時(shí),可用順口溜來(lái)幫助記憶:
規(guī)則的說(shuō)謊,不規(guī)則的躺,躺過(guò)就下蛋,下蛋不規(guī)則。即:lieliedliedlying(說(shuō)謊)lielaylainlying(躺,位于)
laylaidlaidlaying(產(chǎn)卵,下蛋)2.感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞:
記憶此項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞,可歸納于“五三二一”,即:
“五看”see,watch,notice,observe,lookat;“三使”let,make,have;“二聽(tīng)”hear,listento;“一覺(jué)”feel.
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