自考英美文學選讀00604強人總結自學資料 (全)

轉(zhuǎn)貼－強人總結《英美文學選讀》自學資料(全)

轉(zhuǎn)貼－強人總結《英美文學選讀》自學資料(全)AmericanLiterature

Chapterone:Theromanticperiod

I.Emerson’stranscendentalismandhisattitudetowardnature:

1.TranscendentalismitisaphilosophicandliterarymovementthatflourishinNewEngland,asareactionagainstrationalismandCalvinism.Itstressedintuitiveunderstandingofgodwithoutthehelpofthechurch,andadvocatedindependenceofthemind.2.Emerson’stranscendentalism:

Theover-soulitisanall-pervadingpowergoodness,fromwhichallthingscomeandofwhichallareapart.Itisasupremerealityofmind,aspiritualunityofallbeingsandareligion.Itisacommunicationbetweenanindividualsoulandtheuniversalover-soul.Andhestronglybelieveinthedivinityandinfinityofmanasanindividual,somancantotallyrelyonhimself.3.Histowardnature:

Emersonlovesnature.Hisnatureisthegarmentoftheover-soul,symbolicandmoralbound.Natureisnotsomethingpurelyofthematter,butalivewithGod’spresence.Itexerciseahealthyandrestorativeinfluenceonhumanbeings.Childrencanseenaturebetterthanadult.

II.Hawthorne’sPuritanismandhisblackvisionofman:

1.PuritanismitisthereligiousbeliefofthePuristans,whohadintendedtopurifyandsimplifythereligiousritualofthechurchofEngland.

2.hisblackvisionofmanbytheCalvinisticconceptoforiginalsin,hebelievedthathumanbeingareevilnaturedandsinful,andthissiniseverpresentinhumanheartandwillpassonegenerationtoanother.3.YoungGoodmanBrownitshowsthateveryonehassomeevilsecrets.TheinnocentandnaïveBrownisconfrontedwiththevisionofhumanevilinoneterriblenight,andthenhebecomesdistrustfulanddoubtful.Brownstandsforeveryone,whoisbornpureandhasnocontactwiththerealworld,andtheprominentpeopleofthevillageandchurch.Theycovertheirsecretsduringdailylives,andundersomecircumstancessuchasthewitch’sSabbath,theybecomewhattheyare.Evenhisclosedwife,Faith,isnoexception.SoBrownisagedinthatnight.

III.ThesymbolismofMelville’sMobby-Dick

1.Thevoyagetocatchthewhitewhaleistheoneofthemindinquestofthetruthandknowledgeofuniverse.

2.ToAhab,thewhaleisanevilcreatureortheagentofanevilforcethatcontroltheuniverse.Astoreaders,thewhaleisasymbolofphysicallimits,orasymbolofnature.Italsocanstandfortheultimatemysteryoftheuniverseandthewallbehindwhichunknownmaliciousthingsarehiding.

IV.WhitmanandhisLeavesofGrass:

1.Theme:singofthe“en-mass”andtheself/pursuitoflove,happiness,and***uallove/sometimesaboutpolitics(Drumtaps)

2.Whitman’soriginalityfirstinhisuseofthepoeticformfreeverse(i.e.poetrywithoutafixedbeatorregularrhymescheme),bymeansofwhichhebecomesconversationalandcasual.

3.Heusesthefirstpersonpronoun“I”tostressindividualism,andorallanguagetoacquiresympathyfromthecommonreader.

Chaptertwo:Therealisticperiod

I.ThecharacteranalysisandsocialmeaningofHuckFinninAdventureofHuckleberryFinnbyMarkTwainHuckisatypicalAmericanboywith“asoundheartandadeformedconscience”.Heappearstobevulgarinlanguageandinmanner,butheishonestanddecentinessence.Hisremarkableraft’sjourneydownontheMississippirivercanberegardedashisprocessofeducationandhiswaytogrowup.Atfirst,hestandsbyslavery,forheclingstotheideathatifheletsgotheslave,hewillbedamnedtogotohell.Andwhenthe“King”sellsJimformoney,HuckdecidestoinformJim’smaster.AfterhethinksofthepastgoodtimewhenJimandheareontheraftwhereJimshowsgreatcareanddeepaffectionforhim,hedecidetorescueJim.AndHuckstillthinksheiswrongwhileheisdoingtherightthing.

Huckisthesonofnatureandasymbolforfreedomandearthlypragmatism.ThroughtheeyeofHuck,theinnocentandreluctantrebel,weseethepre-CivilWarAmericansocietyfullyexposed.Twaincontraststhelifeontheriverandthelifeonthebanks,theinnocenceandtheexperience,thenatureandtheculture,thewildernessandthecivilization.

II.DaisyMillerbyHenryJames

1.Theme:ThenovelisastoryaboutAmericaninnocencedefeatedbythestiff,traditionalvaluesofEurope.JamescondemnstheAmericanfailuretoadoptexpressivemannersintelligentlyandpointoutthefalsebelievingthatagoodheartisreadilyvisibletoall.ThedeathofDaisyresultsfromthemisunderstandingbetweenpeoplewithdifferentculturalbackgrounds.

2.ThecharacteranalysisofDaisy:SherepresentstypicalAmericangirl,whoisuninformedandwithoutthematureguidance.Ignoranceandparentalindulgencecombinetofosterheassertiveself-confidenceandfiercewillfulness.ShebehavesinthesamedaringnaivewayinEuropeasshedoesathome.Whensomeoneisagainsther,shebecomesmorecontrary.Sheknowsthatshemeansnoharmandisamazedthatanyoneshouldthinkshedoes.ShedoesnotcompromisetotheEuropeanmanners.3.ThecharacteranalysisofWinterbourne:HeisaEuropeanizedAmerican,whohaslivetoolonginforeignparts.HeisveryexperienceandhasaproblemunderstandingDaisy.Heendeavorstoputherinsortofformula,i.e.toclassifyher.

III.SisterCarriebyTheodoreDreiser:

1.Theme:TheauthorinventedthesuccessofCarrieandthedownfallofHurstwoodoutofaninevitableandnaturaljudgment,becausethefittestcansurviveinacompetitive,amoralsocietyaccordingtothesocialDarwinism.

2.ThecharacteranalysisofCarrie:ShefollowstherightdirectiontoapursuitoftheAmericandream,andthecircumstancesandherdesireforabetterlifedirecttothesuccessfulgoal.Butsheisnotcontented,becausewithwealthandfame,shestillfindsherselflonely.Sheisaproductofthesociety,arealizationofthetheoryofthesurvivalofthefittest.

3.ThecharacteranalysisofHurstwood:Heisanegativeevidenceofthetheoryofthesurvivalofthefittest.Becauseheisstillconventionalandcannotthrowawaythesocialmorals,heisnotfittedtoliveinNewYork.

Chapterthree:TheModernPeriodI.EzraPoundandhistheoryofImagism

1.Theprinciples:a.directtreatmentofthething;b.touseabsolutelynowordthatdoesnotcontributetothepresentation;c.tocomposeinthesequenceofthemusical;d.tousethelanguageofcommonspeechandtheexactword;e.tocreatenewrhythms;f.absolutelyfreedominthechoiceofsubject.

2.Imagismistopresentanintellectualandemotionalcomplexinaninstantoftime.Animagisticpoemmustpresenttheobjectexactlythewaythethingisseen.Andthereadercanformtheimageoftheobjectthroughtheprocessofreadingtheabstractandconcretewords.

II.Frostandhispoetryonnature:

Frostisdeeplyinterestedinnatureandinmen’srelationshiptonature.Natureappearsasanexplicatorandamediatorformanandserveasthecenterofreferenceofhisbehavior.PeaceandordercanbefoundinFrost’spoeticalnaturalworld.Withsurfacesimplicityofhispoems,thethematicconcernsarealwayspresentedinrichsymbols.Thereforehisworkresistseasyinterpretation.

III.F.ScottFitzgeraldandhisTheGreatGatsby

1.Theme:GatsbyisAmericanEveryman.Hisextraordinaryenergyandwealthmakehimpursuethedream.HisdeathintheendpointsatthetruthaboutthewitheringoftheAmericanDream.ThespiritualandmoralsterilitythathasresultedfromthewitheredAmericanDreamisfullyrevealedinthearticle.However,althoughheisdefeated,thedreamhasgaveGatsbyadignityandasetofqualities.HishopeandbeliefinthepromiseoffuturemakeshimtheembodimentofthevaluesoftheincorruptibleAmericanDream.

2.ThecharacteranalysisofGatsby:Gatsbyisgreat,becauseheisdignifiedandennobledbyhisdreamandhismythicvisionoflife.Hehasthedesiretorepeatthepast,thedesireformoney,andthedesireforincarnationofunutterablevisiononthismaterialearth.ForGatsby,Daisyisthesoulofhisdreams.HebelievehecanregainDaisyandromanticallyrebelsoftime.Althoughhehasthewealththatcanmatchwiththeleisuredclass,hedoesnothavetheirmanners.Histragedyliesinhispossessionofanaivesenseandchivalry.

IV.ErnestHemingway’sartisticfeatures:

1.TheHemingwaycodeheroesandgraceunderpressure:

Theyhaveseenthecoldworld,andforonecause,theyboldlyandcourageouslyfacethereality.Theyhasanindestructiblespiritforhisoptimisticviewoflife.Whateveristheresultis,thearereadytolivewithgraceunderpressure.Nomatterhowtragictheendingis,theywillneverbedefeated.Finally,theywillbeprevailbecauseoftheirindestructiblespiritandcourage.2.Theicebergtechnique:

Hemingwaybelievethatagoodwriterdoesnotneedtorevealeverydetailofacharacteroraction.Theone-eighththeispresentedwillsuggestallothermeaningfuldimensionsofthestory.Thus,Hemingway’slanguageissymbolicandsuggestive.

V.ThecharacteranalysisofEmilyinARoseforEmily:

Emilyisasymbolofoldvalues,standingfortradition,dutyandpastglory.Butsheisalsoavictimtoallthoseshecaresandembrace.ThesourceofEmily’sstrangenessisfromherbornprideandself-esteem,thedomineeringbehaviorofherfatherandthebetrayalofherlover.Barricadedinherhouse,shehasfrozenthepasttoprotectherdreams.Herlifeistragicbecausethedefianceofthecommunity,herrefusaltoacceptthechangeandherextremepridehavepushedhertoabnormalityandinsanity.

擴展閱讀：自考英美文學選讀00604強人總結自學資料_(全)

轉(zhuǎn)貼－強人總結《英美文學選讀》自學資料(全)

轉(zhuǎn)貼－強人總結《英美文學選讀》自學資料(全)AmericanLiterature

Chapterone:Theromanticperiod

I.Emerson’stranscendentalismandhisattitudetowardnature:

1.TranscendentalismitisaphilosophicandliterarymovementthatflourishinNew

England,asareactionagainstrationalismandCalvinism.Itstressedintuitiveunderstandingofgodwithoutthehelpofthechurch,andadvocatedindependenceofthemind.

2.Emerson’stranscendentalism:

Theover-soulitisanall-pervadingpowergoodness,fromwhichallthingscomeandofwhichallareapart.Itisasupremerealityofmind,aspiritualunityofallbeingsandareligion.Itisacommunicationbetweenanindividualsoulandtheuniversalover-soul.Andhestronglybelieveinthedivinityandinfinityofmanasanindividual,somancantotallyrelyonhimself.

3.Histowardnature:

Emersonlovesnature.Hisnatureisthegarmentoftheover-soul,symbolicandmoralbound.Natureisnotsomethingpurelyofthematter,butalivewithGod’spresence.Itexerciseahealthyandrestorativeinfluenceonhumanbeings.Childrencanseenaturebetterthanadult.

II.Hawthorne’sPuritanismandhisblackvisionofman:

1.PuritanismitisthereligiousbeliefofthePuristans,whohadintendedtopurifyandsimplify

thereligiousritualofthechurchofEngland.

2.hisblackvisionofmanbytheCalvinisticconceptoforiginalsin,hebelievedthat

humanbeingareevilnaturedandsinful,andthissiniseverpresentinhumanheartandwillpassonegenerationtoanother.

3.YoungGoodmanBrownitshowsthateveryonehassomeevilsecrets.The

innocentandnaïveBrownisconfrontedwiththevisionofhumanevilinoneterriblenight,andthenhebecomesdistrustfulanddoubtful.Brownstandsforeveryone,whoisbornpureandhasnocontactwiththerealworld,andtheprominentpeopleofthevillageandchurch.Theycovertheirsecretsduringdailylives,andundersomecircumstancessuchasthewitch’sSabbath,theybecomewhattheyare.Evenhisclosedwife,Faith,isnoexception.SoBrownisagedinthatnight.

III.ThesymbolismofMelville’sMobby-Dick

1.Thevoyagetocatchthewhitewhaleistheoneofthemindinquestofthetruthandknowledgeofuniverse.

2.ToAhab,thewhaleisanevilcreatureortheagentofanevilforcethatcontroltheuniverse.Astoreaders,thewhaleisasymbolofphysicallimits,orasymbolofnature.Italsocanstandfortheultimatemysteryoftheuniverseandthewallbehindwhichunknownmaliciousthingsarehiding.

IV.WhitmanandhisLeavesofGrass:

1.Theme:singofthe“en-mass”andtheself/pursuitoflove,happiness,and***uallove/sometimesaboutpolitics(Drumtaps)

2.Whitman’soriginalityfirstinhisuseofthepoeticformfreeverse(i.e.poetrywithoutafixedbeatorregularrhymescheme),bymeansofwhichhebecomesconversationalandcasual.

3.Heusesthefirstpersonpronoun“I”tostressindividualism,andorallanguagetoacquiresympathyfromthecommonreader.

Chaptertwo:Therealisticperiod

I.ThecharacteranalysisandsocialmeaningofHuckFinninAdventureofHuckleberryFinnbyMarkTwainHuckisatypicalAmericanboywith“asoundheartandadeformedconscience”.Heappearstobevulgarinlanguageandinmanner,butheishonestanddecentinessence.Hisremarkableraft’sjourneydownontheMississippirivercanberegardedashisprocessofeducationandhiswaytogrowup.Atfirst,hestandsbyslavery,forheclingstotheideathatifheletsgotheslave,hewillbedamnedtogotohell.Andwhenthe“King”sellsJimformoney,HuckdecidestoinformJim’smaster.AfterhethinksofthepastgoodtimewhenJimandheareontheraftwhereJimshowsgreatcareanddeepaffectionforhim,hedecidetorescueJim.AndHuckstillthinksheiswrongwhileheisdoingtherightthing.

Huckisthesonofnatureandasymbolforfreedomandearthlypragmatism.ThroughtheeyeofHuck,theinnocentandreluctantrebel,weseethepre-CivilWarAmericansocietyfullyexposed.Twaincontraststhelifeontheriverandthelifeonthebanks,theinnocenceandtheexperience,thenatureandtheculture,thewildernessandthecivilization.II.DaisyMillerbyHenryJames

1.Theme:ThenovelisastoryaboutAmericaninnocencedefeatedbythestiff,traditionalvaluesofEurope.JamescondemnstheAmericanfailuretoadoptexpressivemannersintelligentlyandpointoutthefalsebelievingthatagoodheartisreadilyvisibletoall.ThedeathofDaisyresultsfromthemisunderstandingbetweenpeoplewithdifferentculturalbackgrounds.

2.ThecharacteranalysisofDaisy:SherepresentstypicalAmericangirl,whoisuninformedandwithoutthematureguidance.Ignoranceandparentalindulgencecombinetofosterheassertiveself-confidenceandfiercewillfulness.ShebehavesinthesamedaringnaivewayinEuropeasshedoesathome.Whensomeoneisagainsther,shebecomesmorecontrary.Sheknowsthatshemeansnoharmandisamazedthatanyoneshouldthinkshedoes.ShedoesnotcompromisetotheEuropeanmanners.

3.ThecharacteranalysisofWinterbourne:HeisaEuropeanizedAmerican,whohaslivetoolonginforeignparts.HeisveryexperienceandhasaproblemunderstandingDaisy.Heendeavorstoputherinsortofformula,i.e.toclassifyher.

III.SisterCarriebyTheodoreDreiser:

1.Theme:TheauthorinventedthesuccessofCarrieandthedownfallofHurstwoodoutofaninevitableandnaturaljudgment,becausethefittestcansurviveinacompetitive,amoralsocietyaccordingtothesocialDarwinism.

2.ThecharacteranalysisofCarrie:ShefollowstherightdirectiontoapursuitoftheAmericandream,andthecircumstancesandherdesireforabetterlifedirecttothesuccessfulgoal.Butsheisnotcontented,becausewithwealthandfame,shestillfindsherselflonely.Sheisaproductofthesociety,arealizationofthetheoryofthesurvivalofthefittest.

3.ThecharacteranalysisofHurstwood:Heisanegativeevidenceofthetheoryofthesurvivalofthefittest.Becauseheisstillconventionalandcannotthrowawaythesocialmorals,heisnotfittedtoliveinNewYork.

Chapterthree:TheModernPeriod

I.EzraPoundandhistheoryofImagism

1.Theprinciples:a.directtreatmentofthething;b.touseabsolutelynowordthatdoesnotcontributetothepresentation;c.tocomposeinthesequenceofthemusical;d.tousethelanguageofcommonspeechandtheexactword;e.tocreatenewrhythms;f.absolutelyfreedominthechoiceofsubject.

2.Imagismistopresentanintellectualandemotionalcomplexinaninstantoftime.Animagisticpoemmustpresenttheobjectexactlythewaythethingisseen.Andthereadercanformtheimageoftheobjectthroughtheprocessofreadingtheabstractandconcretewords.

II.Frostandhispoetryonnature:

Frostisdeeplyinterestedinnatureandinmen’srelationshiptonature.Natureappearsasanexplicatorandamediatorformanandserveasthecenterofreferenceofhisbehavior.PeaceandordercanbefoundinFrost’spoeticalnaturalworld.Withsurfacesimplicityofhispoems,thethematicconcernsarealwayspresentedinrichsymbols.Thereforehisworkresistseasyinterpretation.

III.F.ScottFitzgeraldandhisTheGreatGatsby

1.Theme:GatsbyisAmericanEveryman.Hisextraordinaryenergyandwealthmakehimpursue

thedream.HisdeathintheendpointsatthetruthaboutthewitheringoftheAmericanDream.ThespiritualandmoralsterilitythathasresultedfromthewitheredAmericanDreamisfullyrevealedinthearticle.However,althoughheisdefeated,thedreamhasgaveGatsbyadignityandasetofqualities.HishopeandbeliefinthepromiseoffuturemakeshimtheembodimentofthevaluesoftheincorruptibleAmericanDream.

2.ThecharacteranalysisofGatsby:Gatsbyisgreat,becauseheisdignified

andennobledbyhisdreamandhismythicvisionoflife.Hehasthedesiretorepeatthepast,thedesireformoney,andthedesireforincarnationofunutterablevisiononthismaterialearth.ForGatsby,Daisyisthesoulofhisdreams.HebelievehecanregainDaisyandromanticallyrebelsoftime.Althoughhehasthewealththatcanmatchwiththeleisuredclass,hedoesnothavetheirmanners.Histragedyliesinhispossessionofanaivesenseandchivalry.

IV.ErnestHemingway’sartisticfeatures:

1.TheHemingwaycodeheroesandgraceunderpressure:

Theyhaveseenthecoldworld,andforonecause,theyboldlyandcourageouslyfacethereality.Theyhasanindestructiblespiritforhisoptimisticviewoflife.Whateveristheresultis,thearereadytolivewithgraceunderpressure.Nomatterhowtragictheendingis,theywillneverbedefeated.Finally,theywillbeprevailbecauseoftheirindestructiblespiritandcourage.

2.Theicebergtechnique:

Hemingwaybelievethatagoodwriterdoesnotneedtorevealeverydetailofacharacteroraction.Theone-eighththeispresentedwillsuggestallothermeaningfuldimensionsofthestory.Thus,Hemingway’slanguageissymbolicandsuggestive.

V.ThecharacteranalysisofEmilyinARoseforEmily:

Emilyisasymbolofoldvalues,standingfortradition,dutyandpastglory.Butsheisalsoavictimtoallthoseshecaresandembrace.ThesourceofEmily’sstrangenessisfromherbornprideandself-esteem,thedomineeringbehaviorofherfatherandthebetrayalofherlover.Barricadedinherhouse,shehasfrozenthepasttoprotectherdreams.Herlifeistragicbecausethedefianceofthecommunity,herrefusaltoacceptthechangeandherextremepridehavepushedhertoabnormalityandinsanity.

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