人教版初中英語語法歸納
人教版初中英語語法歸納
1(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listento、lookat(感官動(dòng)詞)+doeg:Ilikewatchingmonkeysjump
2(比較級(jí)and比較級(jí))表示越來越怎么樣
3apieceofcake=easy小菜一碟(容易)4agreewithsb贊成某人
5allkindsof各種各樣akindof一樣6allovertheworld=thewholeworld整個(gè)世界7alongwith同……一道,伴隨……eg:Iwillgoalongwithyou我將和你一起去thestudentsplantedtreesalongwiththeirteachers學(xué)生同老師們一起種樹8Assoonas一怎么樣就怎么樣9asyoucansee你是知道的
10askfor……求助向…要…(直接接想要的東西)eg:askyouformybook11asksbforsth向某人什么
12asksbtodosth詢問某人某事asksbnottodo叫某人不要做某事13attheageof在……歲時(shí)eg:IamsixteenIamattheageofsixteen14atthebeginningof…………的起初;……的開始
15attheendof+地點(diǎn)/+時(shí)間最后;盡頭;末尾eg:Attheendoftheday16atthistimeofyear在每年的這個(gè)時(shí)候
17be/feelconfidentofsth/thatclause+從句感覺/對(duì)什么有信心,自信eg:Iam/feelconfidentofmyspokenEnglishIfeelthatIcanpassthetest18be+doing表:1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)2將來時(shí)
19beableto(+v原)=can(+v原)能夠……eg:SheisabletosingShecansing20beabletodosth能夠干什么eg:sheisabletosing
21beafraidtodo(ofsth恐懼,害怕……eg:I"mafraedtogooutatnightI"mafraidofdog22beallowedtodo被允許做什么
eg:I"mallowedtowatchTV我被允許看電視IshouldbeallowedtowatchTV我應(yīng)該被允許看電視
23beangrywithsb生某人的氣eg:Don"tbeangrywithme24beangrywith(at)sbfordoingsth為什么而生某人的氣
25beas…原級(jí)…as和什么一樣eg:Sheisastallasme她和我一樣高26beashamedto27beawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離28beawayfrom從……離開
29bebadfor對(duì)什么有害eg:Readingbooksinthesunisbadforyoureyes在太陽下看書對(duì)你的眼睛不好
30beborn出生于31bebusydoingsth忙于做什么事bebusywithsth忙于……32becareful當(dāng)心;小心33bedifferentfrom……和什么不一樣34befamousfor以……著名35befriendlytosb對(duì)某人友好
36befrom=comefrom來自eg:HeisfromBejingHecomesfromBejingIshefromBejing?DoeshecomefromBejing?
37befullof裝滿……的befilledwith充滿eg:theglassisfullofwatertheglassisfilledwithwater
38beglad+to+do/從句39begoingto+v(原)將來時(shí)
40begoodat(+doing)=dowellin在某方面善長(zhǎng),善于……
41begoodfor對(duì)什么有好處eg:ReadingaloudisgoodforyourEnglish42behappytodo很高興做某事43behelpfultosb對(duì)某人有好處eg:Readingaloudishelpfultoyou大聲朗讀對(duì)你有好處Exercisingishelpfultoyourbady鍛煉對(duì)你的身體有好處44beingoodhealth身體健康
45beintrouble處于困難中eg:SheisintroubleTheyareintronble46beinterestedin對(duì)某方面感興趣
47belatefor=comelateto遲到eg:Belateforclass上課遲到48belike像……eg:I"mlikemymother49bemadat生某人的氣
50bemadefrom由……制成(制成以后看不見原材料)
51bemadeof由……制成(制成以后還看得見原材料)52benotsure表不確定53beonavisitto參觀54bepopularwithsb受某人歡迎
55bequiet安靜56beshortfor表**的縮寫eg:陶isshortfor陶俊杰
57besickinbed生病在床58besorrytodosthbesorryforsbeg:Iamsorryforyou59besorrytohearthat60besorrytotroublesbeg:Iamsorrytotroubleyou61bestrictindoingsth嚴(yán)于做某事eg:He"sstrictinobeyingnoles
62bestrictwithsb對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格eg:Somestudentsarenotstrictwiththemselves這些學(xué)生對(duì)自己不嚴(yán)格
63bestrictwithsbinsth某方面對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格64besupposedtodo被要求干什么
65besure表確定66besureofdoingsth對(duì)做某事有信心eg:HeissureofwinningIamsureoflearningEnglishwell
67besureofsth對(duì)做某事有信心eg:I"msureofmyhead(myteacher我相信我的大腦(老師)
68besurethatsth對(duì)做某事有信心eg:I"msuerthathecanpassthetest我相信他能通過考試
69besuretodosth一定會(huì)做某事eg:Wearesuretopassthetest我們一定會(huì)通過這次考試WearesuretolearnEnglishwell我們一定能學(xué)好英語
70beterrifiedof+名/動(dòng)doing害怕……71beterrifiedtodosth害怕做某事72bethesameas…和什么一樣73beusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣做某事
eg:Myfatherisusedtogettingupearly我爸爸習(xí)慣早Heisusedtosleepinginclass他習(xí)慣上課睡覺
74beworthdoing值得做什么75be(feel)afraidtodosth害怕做某事beafraidofsth害怕某物beafraidthat叢句
76because+句子becauseof+短語
eg:HewaslatebecausehehadaheadacheHewaslatebecauseofhisheadache77begintodo=starttodo開始做某事start…with…=begin…with…以什么開始什么eg:Let"sbeginthegamewiththesongIbegintogohome78between…and…兩者之間
79borrowsthfromsb向……借……lendsthtosb(lendsbsth借給……什么東西eg:Iborrowedapenfromhimhelentapentome(helentmeapen80both=thesame(as)=notdifferent(from)表相同81bother打擾bothersbtodosth
eg:I"msorrytobotheryou,butcanyoutellmetowaytothestation我十分道歉打擾你,但是你能告訴我怎么去車站
theproblemhasbeenbotheringmeforweeks這個(gè)問題困擾了我?guī)讉(gè)周了He"sbotheringmetolendhimmoney
82bytheendof到……為止83callsbstheg:Wecallhimoldwang
84care關(guān)心eg:Don"tyoucareaboutthiscountry"sfuture?你為什么不關(guān)心國家的未來85catchupwithsb趕上某人86chatwithsb和某人閑談takesbto+地點(diǎn)帶某人去某地87comein進(jìn)88comeoverto過來
89comeupwith提出eg:Canyoucomeupwithagoodidea你能想出一個(gè)好辦法嗎?90communicatewithsb和某人交流
91consider+doing考慮做什么eg:Whynotconsidergoingtoluzhou為什么不考慮去瀘州?
92danceto隨著……跳舞eg:Shelikesdancingtothemusic她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞
93decidetodosth決定做某事94doasurveyof做某方面的調(diào)查95dobetterin在……方面做得更好
96dowrong做錯(cuò)97Don"tforgettodosth不要忘了做某事98Don"tmind+doing/從句/名詞不要介意……
99each+名(單)每一個(gè)…eg:Eachstudenthasmanybooks每一個(gè)學(xué)生都有一些書100endup+doing101enjoy+doing喜歡102escapefrom從……逃跑eg:Theprisonershaveescapedfromtheprison犯人從監(jiān)獄里逃跑出來103expecttodosth期待做某事104falldown摔下來falloff從哪摔下來105fallinlovewithsb/sth愛上什么
106farfrom離某地遠(yuǎn)eg:Theschoolisfarfrommyhome107find+it+adj+todo發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣
108findsb/sth+adj發(fā)現(xiàn)什么怎么樣eg:Ifindthebookinteresting109finish完成+doing(名詞)
110fittosb=befitforsb適合某人111forgettodo沒有做而忘了forgetdoing做了而又忘了eg:Don"tforgettogohomeIforgetclosingdoor112from…to…從某某到某某eg:Frommeforher
113get/havesthdown做完,被(別人)做…eg:Ihavemyhaircut我理了發(fā)(頭發(fā)被剪了)Tomgothisbadtoothpulledout湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了(被牙醫(yī)拔掉了)
114getapart-timejob=findapart-timejob115getalongwellwithsb=getonwellwithsb與某人相處得好
116getalongwithsb=getonwithsb與某人相處117getreadyfor=bereadyfor為什么而準(zhǔn)備eg:IgetreadyformathIamreadyformath118getsbintotrouble給某人麻119getsbtodosth
120get…from…從某處得到某物121giveatalk做報(bào)告eg:Heisgiveatall122givesthtosbgivesbsth給某人某物123gofish釣魚goswimming游泳
124goontodo去做下一件事goondoing繼續(xù)做這件事125gooutawayfromgooutof126gotoschool上學(xué)(用于專業(yè)的)gototheschool去學(xué)校(不一定是上學(xué))127goodwayto好方法
128hatetodo討厭沒做過的事hatedoing討厭做過的事
129haveapartyforsb舉辦誰的晚會(huì)130haveatalk聽報(bào)告談一談
131havebeendoing現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)eg:YouhavebeentalkingYouhavebeensleepingsince
132havebeento…(地方)……去過某過地方havegoneto…(地方)去了某地還沒回來
133havefun+doing玩得高興134havesthtodo有什么事要做eg:Ihavealotofhomeworktodo我有很多家庭作業(yè)要做Ihavenothingtodo我沒什么事情做
135havetodosth必須做某事
136havetrouble(problem)(in)doingsth做什么事情有麻煩137have…time+doing
138have…(時(shí)間)…off放……假eg:Ihavemonthoff我請(qǐng)一個(gè)月得假139hearsb+do/doing聽見某人做某事/正在做某事140helpalot很大用處
141helpsbwithsth\\one"ssth幫助某人某事(某方面)helpsb(to)dosth幫助某人做某事
142hopetodosth希望做某事
143Howabout(+doing)=Whatabout(+doing)
144howdoyoulike=whatdoyouthinkof你對(duì)什么的看法145if:是否=wether
eg:Idon"tknowif(wether)Ishouldgototheparty我不知道我是否應(yīng)該去參加晚會(huì)
Hedon"tknowif(wether)wewillarriveontimetomorrowmorning他不知道我們明天早上是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)
146if:如果,假如(全部接一般時(shí)態(tài))+條件語態(tài)從句
eg:I"llgotoLuZhouifitdoes"train假如明天不下雨,我就去瀘州
Iftheychangetheplantheywillletmeknow假如他們要改變計(jì)劃,他們會(huì)讓我知道的
I"llgotoEngland,ifIhaveenoughmoneynextyear如果我明年由足夠的錢,我就要去英國147inone"sopinion=sbthink某人認(rèn)為148insomeways在某些方面149intheend=finally(adv)最后
150inthenorthof…什么在什么的北方(north北sowth南west西east東)
擴(kuò)展閱讀:人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語語法分類歸納
人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語語法分類歸納
(一)形容詞和副詞I.要點(diǎn)A.形容詞
1、形容詞的用法
形容詞是用來修飾、描繪名詞的,通常在句中作定語、表語或賓補(bǔ),有時(shí)還可作狀語。如:Heishonestandhardworking.Ifoundthebookinteresting.
某些形容詞與定冠詞連用表示一類人作主語時(shí),謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Therichandthepoorliveindifferentpartsofthecity.TheEnglishliketobewiththeirfamilies.多個(gè)形容詞作定語修飾名詞的順序:
冠詞+序數(shù)詞+基數(shù)詞+性質(zhì)狀態(tài)(描述性)+形狀大小+新舊老少+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞。如:thesecondfiveinterestingbignewredChinesewallpapers.2、形容詞比較等級(jí)的形式(1)規(guī)則形式
一般說來,單音節(jié)詞及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞在后加-er;--est來構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí);其他雙音節(jié)詞及多音節(jié)詞在前加more,most.如:great-greater-greatestbusy-busier-busiest
important-moreimportant-(the)mostimportant(2)不規(guī)則形式
good(well)-better-bestbad(ill)-worse-worstmany(much)-more-mostlittle-less-least
(3)形容詞比較等級(jí)的用法
①表示兩者的比較,用形容詞的比較級(jí)+than.如:Heisclevererthantheotherboys.
Thisoneismorebeautifulthanthatone.
②表示兩者以上的比較,用"the+形容詞最高級(jí)(+名詞)+of(in)…"如:Heisthecleverestboyinhisclass.
③表示兩者是同等程度,用"as+形容詞原級(jí)+as".如:HeisastallasI.
Ihaveasmanybooksasyou.④越…越…
例如:ThemoreIlearn,thehappierIam.⑤Youcanneverbetoocareful.越小心越好
又如:Youcanneverpraisetheteachertoohighly.你怎么贊揚(yáng)這個(gè)老師也不過分。
⑥Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.那一天是最令我擔(dān)心的一天。Ihaveneverhadabetterdinner.這是我吃過的最好的一頓飯。
⑦M(jìn)yEnglishisnobetterthanyours.
我的英語和你的英語都不怎么樣。B.副詞1、副詞的種類
(1)時(shí)間副詞如:ago,before,already,just,now,early,late,finally,tomorrow等
(2)地點(diǎn)副詞如:here,there,near,around,in,out,up,down,back,away,outside等。(3)方式副詞如:carefully,angrily,badly,calmly,loudly,quickly,politely,nervously等。(4)程度副詞如:almost,nearly,much,greatly,abit,alittle,hardly,so,very等。2、副詞比較等級(jí)的用法
其用法與形容詞相似,只是副詞最高級(jí)前可省略定冠詞。如:Ofalltheboyshesings(the)mostbeautifully.Wemustworkharder.
3、某些副詞在用法上的區(qū)別(1)already,yet,still
already表示某事物已經(jīng)發(fā)生,主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事發(fā)生,主要用于否定句和疑問句;still表示某事還在進(jìn)行,主要用于肯定句和疑問句,有時(shí)也可用于否定句。如:We’vealreadywatchedthatfilm.Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Hestillworksuntillateeverynight.(2)too,aswell,also,either
too,aswell和also用于肯定句和疑問句,too和aswell多用于口語,一般放在句末,而also多用于書面語,一般放在句中與動(dòng)詞連用。either用于否定句和否定的疑問句,往往放在句末。如:Hewenttheretoo.Hedidn’tgothereeither.Ilikeyouaswell.Ialsowentthere.(3)hard,hardly
hardly意為"幾乎"與hard在詞義上完全不同。如:Iworkhardeveryday.
Icanhardlyrememberthat.(4)late,lately
lately意為"最近、近來",late意為"晚、遲"。如:Henevercomeslate.
Haveyoubeentothemuseumlately?
例1Tom’sfatherthinksheisalready____AhighenoughBtallenoughCenoughhighCenoughtall
解析:該題正確答案是B。修飾人高用tall,而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修飾形容詞要放在形容詞后面。因此該題選B。例2____theworseIseemtobe.AWhenItakemoremedicineBThemoremedicineItakeCTakingmoreofthemedicineDMoremedicinetaken解析:該題正確答案為B。"the+形容詞比較級(jí)+…,the+形容詞比較級(jí)+…"意為越…,越…。該句意為:吃的藥越多,我的病越是加重。例3"Ihaven’tbeentoLondonyet"."Ihaven’tbeenthere____".
AtooBalsoCeitherDneither
解析:該題正確答案為C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意為否定"兩者都不",而C-either則用于否定句中,意為"也"。例4MrSmithwas____movedatthenews.
AdeepBdeeplyCverydeepDquitedeeply
解析:該題正確答案為B。A.deep用于副詞時(shí),修飾具體的深,如digdeep,而B-deeply則修飾表示感情色彩的詞,如該題為deeplymoved.另如deeplyregret等。而D-quite和deeply均為副詞,不能互相修飾。
中考英語語法難點(diǎn)大全之二:介詞(二)介詞I.要點(diǎn)
1、介詞和種類
(1)簡(jiǎn)單介詞,常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without等。(2)復(fù)合介詞,如bymeansof,alongwith,becauseof,infrontof,insteadof等。2、介詞和其他詞類的習(xí)慣搭配關(guān)系
(1)和動(dòng)詞的搭配,如agreewith,askfor,belongto,breakawayfrom,careabout等。(2)和形容詞的搭配,如afraidof,angrywith,differentfrom,goodat(3)和名詞的搭配,如answerto,keyto,reasonfor,causeof,visitto等.
3、介詞短語可以有自己的修飾語,這種修飾語通常有right,just,badly,all,well,directly,completely等少數(shù)幾個(gè)副詞。如:Hecamerightafterdinner.
Helivesdirectlyoppositetheschool.4、某些介詞的意義與用法舉例(1)at,on,in(表時(shí)間)
表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at,如atfouro’clock,atmidnight等;表示不確定的時(shí)間或短期假日也用at,如atthattime,atChristmas等。
指某天用on,如onMonday,ontheendofNovember,指某天的朝夕用on,如onFridaymorning,ontheafternoonofSeptemberlst等。
指長(zhǎng)于或短于一天的時(shí)段用in,如intheafternoon,inFebruary,inSummer,in1999等。(2)between,among(表位置)
between僅用于二者之間,但說三者或三者以上中的每?jī)蓚(gè)之間的相互關(guān)系時(shí),也用between,如
I’msittingbetweenTomandAlice.Thevillageliesbetweenthreehills.among用于三者或三者以上之間。如:Heisthebestamongthestudents.(3)beside,besides
beside意為"在…旁邊",而besides意為"除…之外"。如:Hesatbesideme.
Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis?(4)inthetree,onthetree
inthetree指動(dòng)物或人在樹上,而onthetree指果實(shí)、樹葉長(zhǎng)在樹上(5)ontheway,intheway,bytheway,inthiswayontheway指在路上intheway指擋道
bytheway指順便問一句inthisway用這樣的方法(6)inthecorner,atthecorner
inthecorner指在拐角內(nèi)atthecorner指在拐角外(7)inthemorning,onthemorning
inthemorning是一般說法onthemorning特指某一天的早晨(8)bybus,onthebus
bybus是一般說法onthebus特指乘某一輛車II.例題例1Doyouknowanyotherforeignlanguage____English?AexceptBbutCbesideDbesides
解析:A、B兩項(xiàng)except等于but,意為"除了…",C-beside意為"在…旁邊",不符合題意。而D-besides,意為"除了…之外,還有"。所以該題正確答案為D。該題意為:除了英語外,你還知道別的語言嗎?
例2Hesuddenlyreturned____arainynight.AonBatCinDduring
解析:我們均知道,atnight這一短語,但如果night前有修飾詞,表具體的夜晚,則要用介詞on來修飾,故該題正確答案為A。例3I’mlookingforward____yourletter.AtoBinCatDon
解析:該題正確答案為A。lookforwardto為固定搭配,意為"期望、盼望"。
中考英語語法難點(diǎn)大全之三:連詞(三)連詞I.要點(diǎn)
1、連詞的種類
(1)并列連詞用來連接并列關(guān)系的詞、短語或分句,如and,for,or,both…and,either…or,neither…nor等。
(2)從屬連詞用來引導(dǎo)從句,如that,if,whether,when,after,assoonas等。
除了從屬連詞(引導(dǎo)狀語從句)外,還有其它可以用來引導(dǎo)從句的詞類。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句),關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞(引導(dǎo)定語從句)。2、常用連詞舉例(1)and和,并且
Theydrankandsangallnight.(2)both…and和,既…也…BothmyparentsandIwentthere.(3)but但是,而
I’msad,butheishappy.
(4)either…or或…或…,要么…要么…Eitheryou’rewrong,orIam.(5)for因?yàn)?/p>
Iaskedhimtostay,forIhadsomethingtotellhim.(6)however然而,可是
Affirst,hedidn’twanttogothere.Later,however,hedecidedtogo.(7)neither…nor既不…也不
Neithermyparentsnormyauntagreeswithyou.(8)notonly…but(also)不但…而且…
Henotonlysingswell,butalsodanceswell.(9)or或者,否則
Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.Areyouaworkeroradoctor?(10)so因此,所以
It’sgettinglate,soImustgo.(11)although雖然
Althoughitwaslate,theywentonworking.(12)assoonas一…就
I’lltellhimassoonasIseehim.(13)because因?yàn)?/p>
Hedidn’tgotoschool,becausehewasill.(14)unless除非,如果不
Iwon’tgounlessitisfinetomorrow.(15)until直到…
Hedidn’tleaveuntileleven.(瞬間動(dòng)詞用于not…until結(jié)構(gòu))Hestayedthereuntileleven.
(16)while當(dāng)…時(shí)候,而(表示對(duì)比)
WhileIstayedthere,Imetafriendofmine.(while后不可用瞬間動(dòng)詞)Mypenisredwhilehisisblue.(17)for因?yàn)?/p>
Hewasill,forhedidn’tcome.(結(jié)論是推斷出來的)(18)since自從…
Ihavelivedheresincemyuncleleft.(19)hardly…when一…就
Ihadhardlygottothestationwhenthetrainleft.(20)asfaras就…來說
AsfarasIknow,thatcountryisverysmall.
Youmaywalkasfarasthelake.(一直走到湖那里)II.例題
例1Johnplaysfootball____,ifnotbetterthan,David.AaswellBaswellasCsowellDsowellas解析:該題意為:John踢足球如果不比David好的話,那也踢得和David一樣好。和…一樣好為aswellas.故該題正確答案為B。
例2ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,____,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.
AwhenBwhereCwhichDwhile
解析:該處意為"然而",只有while有此意思,故選D。
例3Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee____shallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise
解析:該處意為"或者",正確答案為C。
中考英語語法難點(diǎn)大全之四:動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)(四)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)I.要點(diǎn)
1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
(1)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài),常與sometimes,always,often,everyday等時(shí)間狀語連用。如:Sometimes,wegoswimmingafterschool.
(2)表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)等。如:Theearthgoesroundthesun.2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
(1)表示說話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與now,atpresent等時(shí)間狀語連用。如:Whatareyoudoingnow?
(2)和always,continually等連用,表一種經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作,常含有某種情感。如:Heisalwaysdoinggooddeeds.3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
主要表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響,或動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或可能還要繼續(xù)下去,常與just,already,sofar,once,never等詞連用。如:HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?4、一般將來時(shí)
表示將來某一時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與tomorrow,nextyear等連用。如:I’llmeetyouattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning.We’regoingtoseeafilmnextMonday.5、一般過去時(shí)
表示在過去某一時(shí)間或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與yesterday,lastyear,in1998,amomentago等詞連用。如:Ithappenedmanyyearsago.6、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)期正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?7、過去完成時(shí)
表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。如:Thetrainhadalreadyleftbeforewearrived.8、一般過去將來時(shí)
表示說話人從過去的角度來看將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:Hesaidhewouldcome,buthedidn’t.
9、被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài),以give為例。時(shí)/式一般進(jìn)行完成
現(xiàn)在amisgivenareamisbeingarehasbeengivenhave過去wasgivenwerewasbeinggivenwerehadbeengiven將來shallbegivenwillshallhavebeengivenwill
過去將來shouldbegivenwouldshouldhavebeengivenwouldII.例題
例1Ilearnedthatherfather____in1950.AhaddiedBdiedCdeadDisdead
解析:該題正確答案為B。從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作雖然發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前,但因從句中有明確的過去時(shí)間狀語in1950,所以不用過去完成時(shí)態(tài),而用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。例2Thefive-year-oldgirl____byherparents.AislookedBhaslookedfor
CisbeinglookedforDhasbeenlooked
解析:該題正確答案為C。在帶有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)句中,介詞不能省,否則就變成了不及物動(dòng)詞短語,而不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中。
中考英語語法難點(diǎn)大全之五:動(dòng)詞虛擬語氣(五)動(dòng)詞虛擬語氣I.要點(diǎn)
表示說的話不是事實(shí),或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況,而是一種愿望、建議或與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)等。一般常用于正式的書面語中。1、虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成
注:如果條件從句謂語動(dòng)詞包含有were或had,should,could有時(shí)可將if省去,但要倒裝。如:
Hadyou(Ifyouhad)invitedus,wewouldhavecometoyourparty.2、虛擬語氣在各種從句的應(yīng)用
(1)在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等,其謂語形式是"should(可省)+動(dòng)詞原形",常用于以下三種句型中。
句型一:Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc)that…句型二:Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc)that…
句型三:Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc)that…如:Itisstrangethathe(should)havedonethat.Itisapitythathe(should)besocareless.Itisrequestedthatwe(should)besocareless.
(2)在賓語從句中用于suggest,propose,move,insist,desire,demand,request,order,command等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中,表間接的命令和建議。其謂語形式是"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。如:
Isuggestthatwe(should)goswimming.
(3)在表語從句中,表示間接的命令,要求、請(qǐng)求、建議、決定等,主句中的主語通常是suggestion,proposal,request,orders,idea等。從句謂語形式是"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。如:Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.
(4)在同位語從句中,謂語形式是"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。如:Wereceivedorderthattheworkbedoneatonce.
(5)在Itistimethat…句型中,其謂語動(dòng)詞形式是"動(dòng)詞的過去式"或
"should+動(dòng)詞原形",should不可省。如:It’stime(that)wewent(shouldgo)toschool.II.例題
例1Wehadhopedthathe____longer.
AstaysBhavestayedCstayedDwouldstay
解析:該題正確答案為D。hadhoped表示"本希望",同樣用法的動(dòng)詞還有think,expect等,后面的句子需用虛擬語氣
例2"Marywantstoseeyoutoday".
"Iwouldrathershe____tomorrowthantoday."AcomesBcameCshouldcomeDwillcome
解析:該題正確答案為B。wouldrather后面的從句需用虛擬語氣,用動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)表示。例3Hadshebeenolder,she____itbetter.
AhaddoneBmighthavedoneCmightdoDwoulddo
解析:Hadshebeenolder=Ifshehadbeenold.故該題正確答案為B。
(六)短語動(dòng)詞I.要點(diǎn)
英語中有許多短語動(dòng)詞在意義上是一個(gè)整體,其用法有的相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞,有的相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞,有的兼有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的特征。英語短語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成主要有以下六種:(1)動(dòng)詞+介詞
常見的有l(wèi)ookfor,lookafter,sendfor,careabout,askfor,laughat,hearof(from),addto,leadto等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語只能放在介詞后。如:Don’tlaughatothers.Ididn’tcareaboutit.(2)動(dòng)詞+副詞
常見的有g(shù)iveup,pickup,thinkover,findout,handin,pointout等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語如果是名詞,既可放在副詞前邊,又可放在副詞后邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則要放在副詞前邊。如:You’llhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.Pleasedon’tforgettohanditin.(3)動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞
常見的有l(wèi)ookdownupon,goonwith,breakawayfrom,addupto,catchupwith等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如:Allhismoneyaddeduptonomorethan$100.
Afterashortrest,hewentonwithhisresearchwork.(4)動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞
常見的有takecareof,makeuseof,payattentionto,makefunof等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如:Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting.Weshouldmakefulluseofourtime.(5)動(dòng)詞+形容詞
常見的有l(wèi)eaveopen,setfree,cutopen等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語如果是名詞,則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊,也可放在后邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則必須放在形容詞前邊。如:
Theprisonersweresetfree.Hecutitopen.(6)動(dòng)詞+名詞
常見的有takeplace,makefriends等。這類短語動(dòng)詞用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如:Thisstorytookplacethreeyearsago.Imakefriendswithalotofpeople.(7)辨析
giveaway(讓給,暴露)和giveup(放棄,停止)putaway(放起,收起)和putout(撲滅)turnup(出席,放大)和turnon(打開)keepout(阻止)和keepoff(不讓靠近)makeup(編造,補(bǔ)上)和makeout(辨認(rèn))takeoff(脫,起飛)和takeout(拿出)II.例題
例1Itiswisetohavesomemoney____foroldage.AputawayBkeptupCgivenawayDlaidup
解析:該題正確答案為A。意為"存";keepup意為"繼續(xù)";giveaway意為"分發(fā)";layup"貯藏"。例2Here’smycard.Let’skeepin____.AtouchBrelationCconnectionDfriendship
解析:該題正確答案為A.keepintouch為短語動(dòng)詞,意為"保持聯(lián)系"。例3____!There’satraincoming.
ALookoutBLookaroundCLookforwardDLookon解析:該題選A.lookout意為"小心"。
中考英語語法難點(diǎn)大全之七:動(dòng)詞不定式(七)動(dòng)詞不定式I.要點(diǎn)
1、不定式的形式。以動(dòng)詞write為例。式|語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式towritetobewritten
完成式tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten進(jìn)行式tobewriting
完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeenwriting2、不定式的句法功能(1)作主語
Tohearfromyouisnice.
Tobeagoodteacherisnoteasy.
不定式作主語時(shí),為了保持句子的平衡,往往以it作形式主語,而不定式置于謂語動(dòng)詞后。如:It’snicetohearfromyou.It’snoteasytobeagoodteacher.(2)作賓語
通常用于want,hope,wish,like,need,hate,begin,start,remember,agree,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help等詞后。如:Iforgottolockthedoor.Pleaseremembertowritetome.(3)作表語
Myjobistopickupletters.
Heseemedtohaveheardnothing.(4)作定語
不定式作定語時(shí),須放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后。如:Ihavetwoletterstowrite.Ihavealotofworktodo.(5)作賓補(bǔ)
通常用于want,wish,ask,order,tell,know,help,advise,allow,cause,force等詞后。如:Heorderedhertoleaveatonce.Hewasforcedtoobeyhisorder.(6)作狀語
Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.
Heworkedhardtocatchupwiththeotherstudents.(7)作獨(dú)立成分
Totellyouthetruth,Itoldalie.(8)"疑問詞+不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Idon’tknowhowtochoosethem.Icannotdecidewheretogo.(9)不定式的否定式。如:Idecidednottogo.
(10)不定式的完成式。如:
HeseemedtohavecleanedtheroombeforeIcamein.Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttothehospitallastweek.(11)too…to結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
Hewastooexcitedtogotosleep.
Hewasonlytoogladtogo.(他太高興了,樂意去)(12)主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。如:Thebookiseasytoread.Ihaveabooktoread.II.例題
例1Ihaven’tgotachair____.
AtositBfortositonCtositonDforsitting
解析:該題選C。不定式tositon在句中作定語,修飾名詞chair.因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ胶退揎椀拿~間是"動(dòng)賓關(guān)系",所以不定式必須是及物動(dòng)詞,故此處on不能省略。例2Hewasmade____.AgoBgoneCgoingDtogo
解析:該題選D。makesb.dosth.如果是被動(dòng)形式,不定式do前的to不能省略。例3Anewfactoryis____verysoon.AtobebuiltBbuilt
CtobuildDtobuilding
解析:該題選A。istobebuilt意為"將要被建"。
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