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小學(xué)英語(yǔ)四種時(shí)態(tài)歸納總結(jié)

網(wǎng)站:公文素材庫(kù) | 時(shí)間:2019-05-28 06:07:18 | 移動(dòng)端:小學(xué)英語(yǔ)四種時(shí)態(tài)歸納總結(jié)

小學(xué)英語(yǔ)四種時(shí)態(tài)歸納總結(jié)

四種時(shí)態(tài)歸納總結(jié)時(shí)態(tài)名稱一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)概念1.經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情、動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)2表示事物或人的特征,狀態(tài)(如:愛(ài)好,住所)3.表示客觀事實(shí)構(gòu)成(動(dòng)詞的變化)1.be動(dòng)詞的變化(am,is,are)口訣:我(I)用am你用are,is跟著他她它(he,sheit)所有復(fù)數(shù)都用are構(gòu)成:主語(yǔ)+be+其它2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化與主語(yǔ)有關(guān)(V原或V+s/es)主語(yǔ)是:she、he、it、一個(gè)人名或某人的(如:Jhon、Hismother/……等)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)即加s或es,(以o,ch,sh,結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加es).主語(yǔ)是:I,you,we,they,兩個(gè)以上的就用動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成:主語(yǔ)+V原或V單+時(shí)間時(shí)間標(biāo)志usually,often,Sometimes,always,everyday,everyyear/month………例句現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情將要、打算做的事主+be+V-ing+時(shí)間主+begoingto+V原+時(shí)間now,look,listentomorrow,tomorrowmorning/afternoon/…..soon,nextSunday/…,thismorning…..

過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事1.主+was/were+時(shí)間yesterday,yesterdaymorning/一般過(guò)去時(shí)

情2.主+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(V+ed)+時(shí)間evening/…,lastnight/Sunday/….ago,justnow

擴(kuò)展閱讀:小學(xué)英語(yǔ)4種時(shí)態(tài)小結(jié)

《小學(xué)英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)小結(jié)》

一:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):

1、概念:用在敘述某人正在做某事的時(shí)候。(某動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)

其結(jié)構(gòu)是“be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞ing”,句中可能會(huì)有l(wèi)ook,listen,now或一個(gè)相當(dāng)具體的時(shí)間。

2、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):now,atthistime3、基本結(jié)構(gòu):am/is/are+doing

4、否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing5、一般疑問(wèn)句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首

6、動(dòng)詞加“ing”(現(xiàn)在分詞)的變化規(guī)則:

1)、直接在動(dòng)詞后面加“ing”

2)、“元音+輔音+e”結(jié)尾的單詞把e去掉再加ing。

3)、重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫最后字母再加ing,單詞有:runrunning、swimswimming、putputting、getgetting、shopshopping7、例句

WhatisMarydoing?She’sshopping.

IsBettyswimmingnow?No,sheisn’t.She’srunning.

It’sseventhirtyintheevening.We’rehavingdinnerathome.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):

be(am,are,is)+doing肯定句:be+doing否定句:benot+doing

疑問(wèn)句:Be+主語(yǔ)+doing?

listenlook,nowit"s...1.直接加ing2.雙寫加ing3.去e加ing例題:

1.Listen!Who____(speak)Englishinthelibrary?2.She_____(like)music.Nowshe_____(sing).3.Don"t_____(run)inthestreet.

4._____you_____(go)toschooleveryday?5.Classisover.Thepupils______(play)games.6.It"s6:30.I_____(get)up.

7.Look,thepupils____(have)anEnglishclass.

8.Mymother_____(wash)thebowlsinthekitchennow.

9.He____(like)artverymuch.He____(draw)ahorsenow.10.Letthechildrengoaway.They____(make)noisehere.

二:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):

1、概念:經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。用來(lái)敘述經(jīng)常性發(fā)生

的事情、習(xí)慣和愛(ài)好等。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays,

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):①動(dòng)詞原形(如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),動(dòng)詞上要加s或es)

4.否定形式:①此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞,則在其前加don"t,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),則用doesn"t,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞;②am/is/are+not。

5.一般疑問(wèn)句:①若有be動(dòng)詞,把be動(dòng)詞放于句首;②用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn),如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時(shí),還原行為動(dòng)詞。

6、如果敘述的人或事物是第三人稱單數(shù)行為動(dòng)詞要加上,其變化規(guī)則和名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則一樣。

1.)Johnlikesgoinghiking.

2.)Maryoftengetsupatseveno’clock.3.)Mr.Licookssuppereveryevening.

4.)Howdoeshegotoschool?----Hegoestoschoolonfoot.5.)DoeshegotoschoolonSaturday?---Yes,hedoes.

(第三人稱單數(shù)一般疑問(wèn)句句前是does,句中的動(dòng)詞要用原形。)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則(與名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則一樣):1)直接在動(dòng)詞后面加“s”。

2)以“s、x、sh、ch”結(jié)尾的單詞,在動(dòng)詞后面加“es”。

wash---washeswatch---watchesfish---fishes3)以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾的單詞,把y改i再加es。carry---carriesstudy---studiesfly---flies4)go和do的第三人稱單數(shù)是goes和does

敘述的人或事物不是第三人稱單數(shù)行為動(dòng)詞要用原形。7、例句

Iusuallygotoschoolonfoot.

WeplayfootballeverySundayafternoon.

WhatdotheydoonSundays?---Theyplaychess.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):肯定句:主語(yǔ)+do,

主語(yǔ)第三人稱單數(shù)+does否定句:主語(yǔ)+don"t+do

主語(yǔ)第三人稱單數(shù)+doesn"t+do疑問(wèn)句:Do+主語(yǔ)+do?

Does+主語(yǔ)第三人稱單數(shù)+do?

usually,sometimes,often,seldom,never,everyday1.直接加s,es,2.某些y-i加s,es例題:

1.Mymother____(work)inaprimaryschoolandI____(study)inthesameschool.2.I____(have)abikeandBen____(have)abike,too.3.Mysister____(be)apupil.She____(study)veryhard.4.Who___(cook)breakfastforyourfamily?

5.Myfatherisateacher.He____(teach)Chineseinaprimaryschool.6.He____(be)strong.Hecan___(carry)theheavybox.7.John____(go)toschoolbybikeeveryday.

8.Kateoften___(play)tabletenniswithherfriends.

9.Mymotheroften___(go)shoppingand___(buy)somevegetbalesinthemarket.10.---Who____(study)hardestinyourclass?

三:一般過(guò)去時(shí):1、概念:一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過(guò)去的

時(shí)間狀態(tài)連用,

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):①was/were+形容詞;例:Iwasastudentin1989②行為動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞原形變過(guò)去式)例:Iplayedbaskedballyesterdayafternoon4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn"t,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。5.一般疑問(wèn)句:was或were放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did提問(wèn),同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

6.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化:

①規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化:

一般動(dòng)詞+ed例:plant-planted,climb-climbed以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾+d例:like-liked

輔音字母加y結(jié)尾變y為i+ed例:study-studied,cry-cried重讀閉音節(jié)單詞,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,雙寫最后一個(gè)字母+ed例:stop-stopped,plan-planned②不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化:原形過(guò)去式原形過(guò)去式sweepswept掃,打掃teachtaught教keepkept保持thinkthought想,思索sleepslept睡眠buybought購(gòu)買feelfelt感覺(jué)drinkdrank喝readread讀givegave給putput放;置singsang唱cutcut切,剪,割beginbegan開(kāi)始

letlet讓,使ringrang響flyflew飛,飛行runran跑drawdrew繪畫(huà),畫(huà)sitsat坐growgrew生長(zhǎng)learnlearned/learnt學(xué)習(xí)gowent去saysaid說(shuō)findfound找到,發(fā)現(xiàn)taketook帶,取makemade做;制造comecame來(lái)seesaw領(lǐng)會(huì),看見(jiàn)telltold告訴havehadis/amwas是dodidarewere是eatate吃drivedrove駕駛speakspoke講riderode騎writewrote寫hearheard聽(tīng)到,聽(tīng)見(jiàn)getgot得到meetmet遇見(jiàn)meanmeant意味knowknew知道一般過(guò)去時(shí)肯定句:動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式否定句:didn"t+動(dòng)原疑問(wèn)句:Did+動(dòng)原

before,ago,thismorning,yesterday,last...過(guò)去時(shí)要注意的問(wèn)題:

1.有did,didn"t就沒(méi)有was,were,wasn"t,weren"t

2.was,were,wasn"t,weren"t是表示過(guò)去的狀態(tài)或場(chǎng)所不會(huì)出現(xiàn)did,didn"tIwasathomeyesterday.

Youweren"tatschoolyesterday.Theywerestrongbefore.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化:1.直接加2.有e加d

3.輔音y-i加ed4.雙寫加ed5.特殊變化例題:

1.Myfather____(notstay)athomeyesterday.He_____(go)toGuangzhou.2._____they______(visit)thezoolastSunday?3.---Who_____(teach)youmathslastyear?---MrLiu_____(do).

4.---When____you____(take)thesephotos?---I____(take)themlastweek.

5.LastSaturdaymymother_____(go)shoppingand____(buy)meadress.

6.---When____yourbrother_____(get)here?---He____(get)heretwodaysago.

7.---____Mike____(play)computergames.

---No,he____.He____(go)toseeagilm.8.---When____you____(begin)tolearnEnglish?

---I____(begin)tolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.9.Ididn"tknowyou___here.

10.It___hotteryesterdaythanit___today.11.Ben____acoldlastweek.

12._________manybeautifulflowersinourschoolbefore.13._________anymilkinthebottlebefore?14.___________aheavyrainlastnight.

7.例句:Sheoftencametohelpusinthosedays.肯定句:Ivisitedmygrandparentslastweekend.

Iusuallyplayedwithmyfriendslastyear.Iwasbusylastweekend.Theyweresadyesterday.

否定句:Ididn’tvisitmygrandparentslastweekend.

Iwasn’tbusylastweekend.Theywerenotsadyesterday.

一般疑問(wèn)句:

Didyouvisityougrandparentslastweekend?Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.Wereyoubusylastweekend?Yes,Iwas./No,Iwas’t.

Yes,wewere./No,weweren’t.

特殊疑問(wèn)句:

Whatdidyoudoyesterday?Iplayedfootball.

WheredidMikegolastweekend?Hewenttothelibrary.Howdidyougothere?Iwentbybus.

Wherewereyouyesterday?Iwasathome.

四:一般將來(lái)時(shí):1、概念:敘述將要發(fā)生的事情或打算。表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、

計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,by…,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):

①am/is/are/goingto+do;結(jié)構(gòu)是begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形。如果所接的動(dòng)詞原形剛好是go或come,可把togo和tocome去掉。例:Iamgoingtogotoschool

thisafternoon=Iamgoingtoschoolthisafternoon

②will+do.

4.否定形式:①am/is/are/goingto+not+do;②will+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加willnot,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

5.一般疑問(wèn)句:be放于句首;will提到句首。

1.)Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?---Iamgoingtovisitmygrandparents.Whatwillyoudotomorrow?---Iwillvisitmygrandparents.2.)Aretheygoingtosweepthefloortonight?---Yes,theyare.willtheysweepthefloortonight?---Yes,theywill.

3.)WhereisSarahgoing(togo)nextweek?---She’sgoing(togo)thepark.WherewillSarahgonextweek?---Shewillgothepark.一般將來(lái)時(shí):

1.begoingto+do2.will+do

肯定句:will/begoingto+do

否定句:willnot/benotgoingto+do疑問(wèn)句:Will+主語(yǔ)+do?

Be+主語(yǔ)+goingtodo?

tomorrownext...thisafternoonthedayaftertomorrowsoon一般將來(lái)時(shí)注意的問(wèn)題:

1.begoingto表示打算,不那么確定,而will是確定的2.will和begoingto不要混合起來(lái)用,不會(huì)出現(xiàn)willbegoingto,bewillgoingto,willgoingto的

3.will沒(méi)有人稱變化,而begoingto有人稱變化4.不會(huì)出現(xiàn)was/weregoingto的情況例題:

1.We____(visit)theGreatWallnextmonth.2.Myfather_____(fly)toBeijingtomorrow.

3.You____(have)aseven-dayholidaysoon.What___you____(do)?4.NextweekDavid____(visit)thenewzooinPanyu.

5.____you_____(borrow)booksfromthelibrarytomorrow?6.Mypenisbroken.I____(buy)anewonethisSaturday.7.They____(have)apicnicintheparkthisSunday.8.I____(write)aletterthisevening.9.He____(make)akitethisSaturday.

10.Mymother_____(cook)somedeliciousfoodthisweekend.

[編輯本段]五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.概念:過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到1.概念:經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):Always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),oncea2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):yet,already,just,never,ever,sofar,bynow,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+時(shí)間段,recently,week(day,year,month…),onSundays,lately,inthepastfewyears,etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):動(dòng)詞原形(如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),動(dòng)詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式)3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+have/has+p.p(過(guò)去分詞)+其他4.否定形式:主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+not+其他;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞,則在其前加don"t,4.否定形式:主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+p.p(過(guò)去分詞)+其他如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),則用doesn"t,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。5.一般疑問(wèn)句:have或has。5.一般疑問(wèn)句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn),如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,6.例句:I"vewrittenanarticle.初中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)小結(jié)

同時(shí),還原行為動(dòng)詞。6.例句:.Itseldomsnowshere.Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.

Actionspeakslouderthanwords..

[編輯本段]二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)1.概念:過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek,last(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):be動(dòng)詞;行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式4.否定形式:主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+其他;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn"t,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。5.一般疑問(wèn)句:was或were放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did提問(wèn),同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。6.例句:Sheoftencametohelpusinthosedays.Ididn"tknowyouweresobusy.

[編輯本段]三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):Now,atthistime,days,etc.look.listen3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+be+doing+其他4.否定形式:主語(yǔ)+be+not+doing+其他5.一般疑問(wèn)句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。6.例句:Howareyoufeelingtoday?Heisdoingwellinhislessons.

[編輯本段]四、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.概念:表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+was/were+doing+其他4.否定形式:主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+doing+其他5.一般疑問(wèn)句:把was或were放于句首。(第一個(gè)字母大寫)6.例句:AtthattimeshewasworkinginaPLAunit.Whenhecamein,Iwasreadinganewspaper.

Thecountrysidehaschangedalotinthepastfewyears.[編輯本段]六、過(guò)去完成時(shí)

1.概念:以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為,或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為,即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):Before,bytheendoflastyear(term,month…),etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+had+p.p(過(guò)去分詞)+其他4.否定形式:主語(yǔ)+had+not+p.p(過(guò)去分詞)+其他

5.一般疑問(wèn)句:had放于句首。6.例句:Assoonaswegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.Bytheendoflastmonth.Wehadreviewedfourbooks基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+had+p.p(過(guò)去分詞)+其他①肯定句:主語(yǔ)+had+p.p(過(guò)去分詞)+其他

②否定句:主語(yǔ)+had+not+p.p(過(guò)去分詞)+其他③一般疑問(wèn)句:Had+主語(yǔ)+p.p(過(guò)去分詞)+其他④特殊疑問(wèn)句:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句[編輯本段]七、一般將來(lái)時(shí)1.概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):Tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,by…,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+goingto+do+其他;主語(yǔ)+will/shall+do+其他

4.否定形式:主語(yǔ)+am/is/arenotgoingtodo;主語(yǔ)+will/shallnotdo+其他5.一般疑問(wèn)句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。6.例句:Theyaregoingtohaveacompetitionwithusinstudies.Itisgoingtorain.[編輯本段]八、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1.概念:立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻,從過(guò)去看將來(lái),常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):Thenextday(morning,year…),thefollowingmonth(week…),etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+was/were+goingto+do+其他;主語(yǔ)+would/should+do+其他4.否定形式:主語(yǔ)+was/were/not+goingto+do;主語(yǔ)+would/should+not+do.

5.一般疑問(wèn)句:was或were放于句首;would/should提到句首。6.例句:HesaidhewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.Iaskedwhowasgoingthere.[編輯本段]九、將來(lái)完成時(shí)

1.概念:在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻之前開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):bythetimeof;bytheendof+時(shí)間短語(yǔ)(將來(lái));bythetime+從句(將來(lái))3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+begoingto/will/shall+have+p.p(過(guò)去分詞)+其他

4例句:Bythetimeyougetback,greatchangeswillhavetakenplaceinthisarea.[編輯本段]十、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.概念:表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。這一動(dòng)作可能剛剛開(kāi)始,也可能仍在繼續(xù),并可能延續(xù)到將來(lái)。

2.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+have/has+been+doing+其他3.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+時(shí)間段等。4.例子:Ihavebeensittinghereforanhour.

ThechildrenhavebeenwatchingTVsincesixo"clock.[編輯本段]十一、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換

在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能。但是,可用別的表達(dá)方式:①瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間+ago”的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型中;②瞬間動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ),與一段時(shí)間連用;③瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“Itis+一段時(shí)間+since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中,表示“自從……以來(lái)有……時(shí)間”的意思,主句一般用itis來(lái)代替Ithasbeen;④瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“Sometimehaspassedsince+一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中。請(qǐng)看:A.HejoinedtheLeaguetwoyearsago.B.HehasbeenintheLeaguefortwoyears.C.ItistwoyearssincehejoinedtheLeague.

D.TwoyearshaspassedsincehejoinedtheLeague.[編輯本段]十二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換

在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”,如atwork(在工作),atschool(上學(xué)、上課)等。此短語(yǔ)可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。請(qǐng)看:Peterisatwork,butMikeisatplay.Peterisworking,butMikeisplaying.

[編輯本段]十三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換

在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中g(shù)o,come,leave,start,arrive等動(dòng)詞常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:Iamcoming,Mum!意為“我就來(lái),媽媽!”請(qǐng)看:Thetrainisleavingsoon.Thetrainwillleavesoon.

用適當(dāng)形式填空.

1.He__________backamonthago.(come)

2.Mymotheroftentellsme__________inbed.(notread)

3.Imusttakeitbackthedayaftertomorrow.Youcanonly__________itfor24hours.(keep)4.Whyhaveyoukeptme__________hereforsolongatime?(wait)5.Pleasecometoourmeetingifyou__________freetomorrow.(be)

6.She__________totheGreatWallseveraltimes.(go)7.Inhisletter,hesaidthathe__________usverymuch.(miss)

8.Thefilm__________fornearlyfifteenminuteswhenIgottothecinema.(be)9.Hesaidhebecame__________inphysics.(interest)10.Thisfilmisworth__________.(see)

11.Hewenttoschoolinsteadof__________home.(go)

12.Intheolddaysitwasdifficultforthepoorto__________ajob.(find)13.It"scoldoutside,soyou"dbetter__________yourcoat.(puton)14.Heishungry.Pleasegivehimsomething__________.(eat)

15.Pleasedon"twastetime__________TVeveryevening.YoushouldwordhardatEnglish.(watch)16.Wefoundthewindow__________.(break)

17.Youhavedroppedyourpencil.__________.(拾起它)18.Motheroftentellsme__________toolate.(notcomehome)19.Youhadbetter__________bybus,oryouwillbelate.(go)

20.Iwill__________LiMingthegoodnewsassoonasIseehim.(tell)21.Greatchanges__________inourcountrysince1978.(takeplace)22.I__________mydaughtersincelastmonth.(hearfrom)23.It__________metwodaystowritethearticle.(took)24.Don"ttouchthat__________child.(sleep)

25.Everytimehetriedtostartthecar,thewheels__________deepersintosthemud.(sink)

26.WhenIgothome,Ifoundthatmyroom__________breaksintosandalotofthings__________.(steal)27.IfIhadarrivedthereearlier,I__________him.(meet)28.Ididn"tremember__________herthebookbefore.(give)

29.Hecalledateverydoor,__________peopletheexcitingnews.(tell)

30.YesterdayMarycouldn"tfinishherhomework,soshehastogoon__________itthisafternoon.(do)31.We__________footballwhenitbegantorain.Wehadtostopandgohome.(play)32.XiaoLin__________fromhereforabouttwohours.(beaway)33.swheres__________?Canyoufindyourbirthplaceonthemap?Sorry,Ican"t.(beborn)

34.Lastnightwe__________backhomeuntiltheteacherleftschool.(notgo)35.ComradeLiDazhao__________inprisonin1927.(put)36.WhereisprofessorLee?

He__________tothelibrary.He"llcomebacksoon.(go)

37.Wecouldnothelp__________afterweheardthestory.(laugh)

38.Wouldyouplease__________meanEnglish-Chinesedictionarywhenyoucome?(bring)39.Hetoldmethathe__________theGreatWalltheyearbefore.(visit)40.I"lltellhimthenewsassoonashe__________back.(come)41.Theboy__________bythedoorismybrother.(stand)42.Doyouremember__________thefilmlastyear.(see)

十六種英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)講解

英語(yǔ)共有十六種時(shí)態(tài),其表現(xiàn)形式如下(以study為例)

一般時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在studybestudyinghavestudiedhavebeenstudying過(guò)去studiedbestudyinghadstudiedhadbeenstudying

將來(lái)willstudywilbestudyingwillhavestudiedwillhavebeenstudying用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用since加一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn),或for加一段時(shí)間,或by加一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。

例:GreatasNewtonwas,manyofhisideas___________todayandarebeingmodifiedbytheworkofscientistsofourtime.

A)aretochallengeC)havebeenchallengedB)maybechallengedD)arechallenging

全句的意思是:“雖然牛頓是個(gè)偉大的人物,但他的許多見(jiàn)解直到今天還在受到挑戰(zhàn),并且被現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家的工作所修正!眂hallenge是及物動(dòng)詞,在本句中應(yīng)當(dāng)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);其動(dòng)作延續(xù)到過(guò)去將來(lái)wouldstudywouldbestudyingwouldhavestudiedwouldhavebeenstudying

時(shí)態(tài)(Tense)是表示行為、動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式。因此,當(dāng)我們說(shuō)時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候,指的是相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)下的動(dòng)詞形式。1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法:A)表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。B)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。

C)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。

例:Healwayshelpsothers.(他總是幫助別人。)

D)客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),則無(wú)法保持主句、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致。

E)表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,(僅限于某些表示“來(lái)、去、動(dòng)、停、開(kāi)始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動(dòng)詞)可以與表示未來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)搭配使用。常見(jiàn)的用法是:飛機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式。

例:Thenexttrainleavesat3o"clockthisafternoon.(下一趟火車今天下午3點(diǎn)開(kāi)車。)

Howoftendoesthisshuttlebusrun?(這班車多久一趟?)

F)在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句里經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在(有時(shí)也用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))表示將來(lái)事情。例:Whenyouhavefinishedthereport,Iwillhavewaitedforabout3hours.(等你完成這份報(bào)告的時(shí)候,我就已經(jīng)等了將近3個(gè)小時(shí)了。)2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(bedoing)用法:現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(havedone)用法:A)表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。

例:Iboughtanewhouse,butI_________myoldoneyet,soatthemomentIhavetwohouses.

A)didn"tsellB)soldC)haven"tsoldD)wouldsell答案是C)haven"tsold。

B)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)刻開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或情況,并且有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時(shí)經(jīng)常

今天,所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。可見(jiàn)答案是C)havebeenchallenged。A)aretochallenge和D)arechallenging都是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不可能是答案。B)maybechallenged雖然是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),但意思與全句內(nèi)容不合,所以不對(duì)。C)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作或情況。通常用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞,如:arrive,begin,find,give,lose等。

例:Johnhasbrokenhisleftleg.(約翰摔斷了左腿。)

注意事項(xiàng):A)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是聯(lián)系過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的紐帶,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別在于:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)態(tài),或受動(dòng)態(tài)的影響,是動(dòng)態(tài)的結(jié)果,對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響;過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有聯(lián)系。

例:Heworkedinthathospitalfor8years.(他曾經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院工作了8年。這只是講述一個(gè)過(guò)去的事實(shí),他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那家醫(yī)院了。)

Hehasworkedinthathospitalfor8years.(他已經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院里工作了8年。表示他從過(guò)去開(kāi)始工作,一直工作到現(xiàn)在,現(xiàn)在仍在那家醫(yī)院工作。)

B)因?yàn)楹衒or加一段時(shí)間或since加一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)這樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的完成時(shí),有動(dòng)態(tài)和延續(xù)性的特點(diǎn),所以不能使用終端動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞。

例:Mysisterhasbeenmarriedfor5years.(過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)表示狀態(tài),可以延續(xù))Mysisterhasmarried.Don"tdisturbher.(終端動(dòng)詞)

C)在"thisisthefirst/second/thirdtimethat"句型里要求用完成時(shí)。

例:ThisisthesecondtimethattheproductsofourcompanyhavebeenshownintheInternationalExhibition.(這是我公司產(chǎn)品第二次參加國(guó)際展覽會(huì)。)D)句型"Itis/hasbeensince"所使用的兩種時(shí)態(tài)都正確。

例:Itis/hasbeen10yearssinceIlastsawhim.(從我上次見(jiàn)到他以來(lái)已經(jīng)10年了。)E)在"nosoonerthan"、"hardly/scarcelywhen"、"before"、"priorto"等句型中,主句要求完成時(shí)。

例:Ihaven"tmetthatprofessorpriortotoday.(以前我從未見(jiàn)過(guò)那位教授。)4.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(havebeendoing)

用法:表示某一動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去某一時(shí)間,延續(xù)或重復(fù)地出現(xiàn)至今,或?qū)⒗^續(xù)延續(xù)至將來(lái)。例:Wehavebeenworkingonthisprojectforoveramonthnow.(到目前為止,我們一直在處理那個(gè)項(xiàng)目,已經(jīng)花了一個(gè)多月時(shí)間了。)

注意事項(xiàng):與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相比,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào):在從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間里,動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)或一直反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。

例:Itseemsoil___________fromthispipeforsometime.We"llhavetotakethemachineaparttoputitright.

A)hadleakedB)isleaking

C)leakedD)hasbeenleaking

從本題上下文看,這兩個(gè)句子的意思是:“看來(lái),這個(gè)管道漏油已有一段時(shí)間了,我們將不得不拆卸機(jī)器排除故障。”第二句表示將要采取的措施。第一句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在第二句之前,并且延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在為止仍在繼續(xù)。因此,空格中需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。D)hasbeenleaking是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),因此是本題的答案。有11%的考生誤選了B)isleaking。由于本句有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)forsometime,表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作延續(xù),謂語(yǔ)不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),必須用和完成時(shí)有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。到現(xiàn)在為止發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。而題中的then只表示過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻,不能表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。

注意事項(xiàng):“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”這種邏輯關(guān)系常通過(guò)上下文體現(xiàn)出來(lái),而不一定受某個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的限制。

例:Therehadbeensomeoneinourroomjustnow,becauseInoticedaburningcigaretteendonthefloorwhenweopenedthefrontdoor.(剛才有人在我們的房間里,因?yàn)槲覀兇蜷_(kāi)前門進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí),我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃燒的香煙。)分析:雖然時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是justnow,似乎應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí),但是“在房間里”這個(gè)狀態(tài)是在"開(kāi)門"和"注意"這兩個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前就存在的,所以應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。有些考生誤選了C)leaked或A)hadleaked。是因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有注意到本題第二句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),所以第一句的謂語(yǔ)不能用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)。5.一般過(guò)去時(shí)用法:A)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。

B)表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。特別是由would/usedtodo表達(dá)的句型,本身表示的就是過(guò)去時(shí)。

例:Theoldmanwouldsitonabenchinthequietparkandlookatothersforhourswithoutdoinganythingortalkingtoanybody.(老人過(guò)去常常坐在寧?kù)o的公園里的一條長(zhǎng)椅上,看著其他的人,一坐就是數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí),什么也不干,也不和任何人交談。)

Heusedtovisithismotheronceaweek.(他以前總是每周看望一次他的母親。)C)有時(shí)可代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表達(dá)一種婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣、禮貌、商量的語(yǔ)氣。

例:IwantedtoaskyouifIcouldborrowyourcar?(我想向您借車用一用,可以嗎?)Wouldyoumindmysittinghere?(您介意我坐在這里嗎?)

注意事項(xiàng):A)注意時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的搭配。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間的詞或詞組,如:yesterday,lastmonth,in1999,twodaysago等,絕對(duì)不可與recently,inthepast10years,thismonth等連用,因?yàn)檫@樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)都與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

B)usedtodo的否定形式和疑問(wèn)形式很特別:你怎么寫都正確。以否定形式為例:usednottodo,didn"tusedtodo,didn"tusetodo都對(duì)。

Usedtodo經(jīng)常與beusedtodoingsth/sth結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行對(duì)比。前者表示"過(guò)去常;蜻^(guò)去曾經(jīng)",要求加動(dòng)詞原形;后者表示"習(xí)慣于",要求加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。6.過(guò)去完成時(shí)(haddone)用法:表示在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。就是我們常說(shuō)的:表示"過(guò)去的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)"。Untilthen,hisfamily_________fromhimforsixmonths.

A)didn"thearC)hasn"theardB)hasn"tbeenhearingD)hadn"theard全句的意思是:“到那時(shí)為止,他家里已經(jīng)有六個(gè)月沒(méi)得到他的消息了!庇纱丝梢钥闯,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻才完成,因此謂語(yǔ)要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。答案是D)。其它選項(xiàng)中:A)didn"thear,因?yàn)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài),所以不能與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)forsixmonths連用。B)hasn"tbeenhearing,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)刻繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,與題意不符。C)hasn"theard,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻

1.came(從ago判斷用一般過(guò)去時(shí));2.nottoread(tellsbtodo固定搭配);3.keep(candosth固定搭配);4.waiting(keepsbdoing固定搭配);5.are(if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái));6.hasbeento(been表示去了回來(lái)了,gone表示去了沒(méi)回來(lái));7.missed(過(guò)去時(shí))8.hasbeenon(已經(jīng)開(kāi)始);9.interested(becomeadj.);10.seeing(beworthdoingsth固定搭配)11.going(insteadofdoingsth固定搭配)12.tofind(it"sdifficultforsbtodosth固定搭配)13.puton(you"dbetterdosth)14.toeat(dosthtodosth做某事而為了做某事)15.watching(wastetimedoingsth固定搭配);16.broken(findsthdone);17.itup;18.nottocomehome(同1.);19.go;20.tell(willdosth一般將來(lái)時(shí));21.havebeentakenplace(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí));22.hadn"theardfrom(自從上月開(kāi)始我再?zèng)]收到來(lái)自妹妹的消息);23.takes/took(ittakessbsometimetodosth);24.sleeping(表狀態(tài),正睡覺(jué)的嬰兒);25.sank();26.hadbeen,stolen(已經(jīng)被破門,偷盜);27.wouldhavemet(虛擬語(yǔ)氣);28.breaking(rememberdoingsth不記得到底做過(guò)某事沒(méi));29.telling(非謂語(yǔ));30.doing(goondoing繼續(xù)做某事);31.wereplaying(過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),當(dāng)下雨時(shí)我們正在踢足球);32.hasbeenaway(從for2hours可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí));33.wereyouborn;34.didn"tgo;35.wasput(putsbinprison送某人進(jìn)監(jiān)獄);36.hasgone(去了沒(méi)回來(lái));37.laughing(can"thelpdoing情不自禁做某事);38.bring(wouldupleasedosth);39.hadvisited(過(guò)去完成時(shí));40.comes(主將從現(xiàn));41.standing(獨(dú)立主格);42seeing

解釋:rememberdoingsth記得做過(guò)某事,用動(dòng)詞的ing形式強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。remembertodosth記得去做某事,用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)表示動(dòng)作還沒(méi)有發(fā)生。這里根據(jù)后面的lastyear,說(shuō)明動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,所以用seeing。

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