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試用期員工考評個人總結(V1)

網站:公文素材庫 | 時間:2019-05-28 01:27:33 | 移動端:試用期員工考評個人總結(V1)

試用期員工考評個人總結(V1)

試用期員工轉正申請和個人總結

第一部分:個人基本信息

申請人姓名:何樂員工號:997531崗位/職位:部門/分部門:準備班直接經理:入職時間:201*.10.24第二部分:個人總結(含轉正申請,請結合自己從事的崗位和實際工作情況,從以下幾個方面進行總結)

一、知識和技術,包含工作所需的相關專業(yè)知識、理論水平等,工作所需的技術/技巧/業(yè)務熟練程度/經驗等,知識面等方面:

本人專業(yè)知識不是很好,但求知欲強烈,肯學習。盡管在實踐經驗于工作技巧方面比較欠缺,但堅信在領導的悉心指導和同事的熱情幫助下一定能夠逐漸積累,逐步提高

二、能力。包含綜合分析能力:分析問題、判斷原因、通過調查/研究/推理/思考總結歸納具體對策/方法的能力,表達、協(xié)調能力:正確表達自己的意見,說服他人與自己協(xié)作配合,維持良好人際關系的能力(崗位不同,要求應不同),其它能力,如:談判、社交、對新技術新產品的敏感性、思維周密性等(崗位不同,要求應不同)等方面:

本人思維慎密,沉著穩(wěn)重,觀察力敏銳,人緣好但口才能力不佳,處事客觀,常為他人設身處地著想,熱愛思考,尤其在協(xié)作意識方面比較自覺。不過由于實踐經驗不足的原因,在工作中遇到問題時,還需要各位領導和同事的熱心教導

三、素質與潛力。包含身體素質,事業(yè)心:肯鉆研、有進取心,學習能力特別是自學能力,是否具備積極、主動的學習精神等方面:

本人身體健康,積極上進,事業(yè)心強,愛工作,肯磚研,再學習能力好,懇請領導栽培

四、態(tài)度和成績。工作主動性和責任心,完成工作情況,工作中是否具備協(xié)作精神等方面:

本人工作認真負責,具備良好的團隊協(xié)作精神,在工作成績方面希望更進一步,一方面回報領導及同事的厚愛,另一方面實現自我價值

申請人:何樂

日期:201*.2.

擴展閱讀:RIP全集個人總結V1.5--U201*0420

RIP全集個人總結V1.5

目錄

1.RIP基礎部分----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

1)ClassfulRouting/有類路由協(xié)議----------------------------------------------------------------12)ClasslessRouting/無類路由協(xié)議---------------------------------------------------------------13)RIP的信息類型-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24)在網絡邊界的自動匯總-------------------------------------------------------------------------------22.RIPTimersRIP的幾個時間-------------------------------------------------------------------------------23.解決RIP中路由回環(huán)問題的機制-------------------------------------------------------------------------134.關于水平分割(Splithorizon)-----------------------------------------------------------------------135.RIP的基本配置:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------136.RIP的版本控制:默認情況運行v1-----------------------------------------------------------------------147.V1與V2的區(qū)別------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------158.運行RIP版本1的接口的收發(fā)原則:-------------------------------------------------------------------159.RIP的自動/手工匯總--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1610.RIP的單播更新:(Unicast-Update)/被動接口----------------------------------------------------1711.RIP的觸發(fā)更新--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1912.RIPauthentication/RIP認證-------------------------------------------------------------------------201*.Offset-list/偏置列表,實現RIP路由的控制-----------------------------------------------------2114.RIP傳遞默認路由的5種方法---------------------------------------------------------------------------24

1.RIP基礎部分

1)ClassfulRouting/有類路由協(xié)議

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

IGRP/RIPV1

1.在發(fā)送路由更新信息時,不攜帶子網掩碼,無法描述路由條目的路由長度2.在主類的網絡邊界上,自動發(fā)生路由匯總

匯總到主類網絡的默認的路由長度(自動匯總是無法關閉的)(不支持VLSM,只能匯總為A/B/C類).

3.由于上述原因,有類路由協(xié)議會產生"不連續(xù)子網"的路由通達性問題.

2)ClasslessRouting/無類路由協(xié)議

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

RIPV2的automaticsummary

1.不會對收到的明細路由進行匯總

2.對自己直連的路由進行匯總后,再通告出去.

3.把收到的明細路由放進路由表中,但會對明細路由進行匯總后再通告出去!

EIGRP的automaticsummary

1.不會對收到的明細路由進行匯總,

2.對自己直連的路由進行匯總后,再通告出去

3.把收到的明細路由放進路由表中,并且把收到的明細路由通告出去!

RIPv2/EIGRP/OSPF/IS-IS/BGPv4

1.在發(fā)送路由更新信息時,已經攜帶子網掩碼.

2.支持VLSM,路由的手工/自動匯總,(可以關閉自動匯總)3.在部分先進的路由協(xié)議中,支持CIDR(超網)

備注:

ipclassless(在IOS為12.0以后的版本中,默認啟動無類路由。)

3)RIP的信息類型

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

RIP通過UDP520號端口操作,RIP信息是被封裝在UDP的segment中的。通常情況下,RIP有兩種信息類型:

1、request(請求更新包):用于向相鄰路由器發(fā)送一個更新的請求信息2、update(更新回應包):用于回應request信息

4)在網絡邊界的自動匯總

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

DV協(xié)議默認會執(zhí)行自動匯總,(RIP/IGRP/EIGRP)LS協(xié)議默認不執(zhí)行自動匯總.(OSPF/ISIS)

2.RIPTimersRIP的幾個時間

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

實驗拓撲(以下實驗操作均使用本拓撲):

R1(s1/1)--192.168.12.0/24--(s1/1)R2(s1/3)--192.168.23.0/24--(S1/3)R3

|||

Lo1Lo2Lo3

Updatetimer(更新時間)

1.RIP在啟動后,每隔30S(default)從所有RIPInterface上向外發(fā)送update2.這個update包含了路由器中除了被splithorizon(水平分割)抑制的完整的路由表,3.update周期發(fā)送的時間間隔默認為(updatetimer)25.5秒到30秒之間(一個隨機值)[異步更新];

RIP_JITTER是CiscoIOS中專有的一個隨機變量,它縮短到一般更新時間的15%(即4.5s)。因此,在CISCO中的實際更新時間是上25.5~30秒之間

4.RIPV1,update的目標地址為255.255.255.255;RIPV2的為224.0.0.9

備注:jitter

[‘dit];n.(信號的)不穩(wěn)定;跳[顫,抖]動實驗說明:

基本配置:r1:

interfaceLoopback0

ipaddress1.1.1.1255.255.255.0interfaceSerial1/1

ipaddress192.168.12.1255.255.255.0routerrip

network1.0.0.0

network192.168.12.0r2:

interfaceSerial1/1

ipaddress192.168.12.2255.255.255.0interfaceSerial1/3

ipaddress192.168.23.2255.255.255.0routerrip

network192.168.12.0network192.168.23.0r3:

interfaceSerial1/3

ipaddress192.168.23.3255.255.255.0routerrip

network192.168.23.0

路由器R1:默認版本1的update情況

*Mar100:21:18.655:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.1)*Mar100:21:18.655:RIP:buildupdateentries-suppressingnullupdate*Mar100:21:25.363:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.12.2onSerial1/1*Mar100:21:25.367:192.168.23.0in1hops

r1#shiproute

C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/1

R192.168.23.0/24[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:26,Serial1/1

*Mar100:21:52.107:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.12.2onSerial1/1*Mar100:21:52.111:192.168.23.0in1hopsshiproute

配置為版本2,關閉auto-summary后R2的update情況

*Mar100:06:36.999:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.2)*Mar100:06:36.999:RIP:buildupdateentries

*Mar100:06:37.003:192.168.23.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0

*Mar100:06:37.003:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/3(192.168.23.2)*Mar100:06:37.007:RIP:buildupdateentries

*Mar100:06:37.007:192.168.12.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0

*Mar100:07:05.411:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.2)*Mar100:07:05.411:RIP:buildupdateentries

*Mar100:07:05.415:192.168.23.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0

*Mar100:07:05.415:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/3(192.168.23.2)*Mar100:07:05.419:RIP:buildupdateentries

*Mar100:07:05.419:192.168.12.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0

Invalidtimer(無效時間)

1.當有條目加入到路由表中時,該條目的invalidtimer就會初始化為180S;

2.如果路由器在invalidtimer內沒有收到該條目的更新信息,那么它在超過180S后將會被標記為不可達,即16跳;

3.它的典型周期范圍是3~6個update周期,無效時間在IOS中缺省是180秒

Holddowntimer(保持時間)

以下為開啟holddown計時器的兩種情況:1.180S,如果新收到的路由條目比原有的條目的metric值更大,那么原有的條目會進入一個長為180s的holddown狀態(tài);

2.無效計時器到期后,開啟holddown計時器;在抑制計時器的時間內該條目標記為possibledown,直到計時器超時,路由器才可以接受有關此路由的更新信息原理:

該計時器的原理是引用一個懷疑量,不管是真的還是假的路由消息,路由器先認為是假消息來避免路由環(huán)路。如果在抑制計時器超時后還接受到該消息,那么這時路由器就認為該消息時真的。RIP中認為假的消息總是真不了,不長久

Flushtimer(刷新時間)

240S。但RFC1058中規(guī)定的是300S。如果超出240S,那么路由被標記為不可達,并從路由表中移除

實驗說明:

r1#shipprotocolsRoutingProtocolis"rip"

Sendingupdatesevery30seconds,nextduein9secondsInvalidafter180seconds,holddown180,flushedafter240OutgoingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotsetIncomingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotsetRedistributing:rip

Defaultversioncontrol:sendversion1,receiveanyversionInterfaceSendRecvTriggeredRIPKey-chainSerial1/1112Loopback0112AutomaticnetworksummarizationisineffectMaximumpath:4RoutingforNetworks:1.0.0.0

192.168.12.0

RoutingInformationSources:

GatewayDistanceLastUpdate192.168.12.21201*:00:28Distance:(defaultis120)

通過開啟debug觀察路由表的變化情況:

r1#debugiproutingr1#debugiprip

在R1上,做訪問列表,不接收來自R2的rip數據包:

r1(config)#access-list111denyudpanyanyeqripr1(config)#access-list111permitipanyanyr1(config-if)#ipaccess-group111in

r1#shiproute

C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0

R2.0.0.0/8[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:03:13,Serial1/1R3.0.0.0/8[120/2]via192.168.12.2,00:03:13,Serial1/1R192.168.23.0/24[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:03:13,Serial1/1

180S后來自R2路由條目,被宣告無效,hop=16跳(即invail計時器走完)

*Mar100:30:40.183:RT:deleterouteto2.0.0.0via192.168.12.2,ripmetric[120/1]*Mar100:30:40.183:RT:noroutesto2.0.0.0,enteringholddown

*Mar100:30:40.183:RT:deleterouteto3.0.0.0via192.168.12.2,ripmetric[120/2]*Mar100:30:40.183:RT:noroutesto3.0.0.0,enteringholddown

*Mar100:30:40.183:RT:deleterouteto192.168.23.0via192.168.12.2,ripmetric[120/1]*Mar100:30:40.183:RT:noroutesto192.168.23.0,enteringholddown

*Mar100:30:40.183:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.1)*Mar100:30:40.183:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar100:30:40.183:network1.0.0.0metric1*Mar100:30:40.183:network2.0.0.0metric16*Mar100:30:40.183:network3.0.0.0metric16*Mar100:30:40.183:network192.168.23.0metric16

*Mar100:30:40.183:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaLoopback0(1.1.1.1)*Mar100:30:40.183:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar100:30:40.183:network2.0.0.0metric16*Mar100:30:40.183:network3.0.0.0metric16*Mar100:30:40.183:network192.168.12.0metric1*Mar100:30:40.183:network192.168.23.0metric16

*Mar100:30:42.183:RIP:sendingv1flashupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.1)*Mar100:30:42.183:RIP:buildflashupdateentries*Mar100:30:42.187:network2.0.0.0metric16*Mar100:30:42.187:network3.0.0.0metric16

*Mar100:30:42.187:network192.168.23.0metric16

*Mar100:30:42.191:RIP:sendingv1flashupdateto255.255.255.255viaLoopback0(1.1.1.1)*Mar100:30:42.191:RIP:buildflashupdateentries*Mar100:30:42.195:network2.0.0.0metric16*Mar100:30:42.195:network3.0.0.0metric16*Mar100:30:42.199:network192.168.23.0metric16

Holddown計時器開始,進入possibledown狀態(tài)

r1#shiproute

C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0

R2.0.0.0/8ispossiblydown,routingvia192.168.12.2,Serial1/1R3.0.0.0/8ispossiblydown,routingvia192.168.12.2,Serial1/1R192.168.23.0/24ispossiblydown,routingvia192.168.12.2,Serial1/1

R2的debug輸出信息,如下:

*Mar100:30:02.051:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.12.1onSerial1/1*Mar100:30:02.055:1.0.0.0in1hops

*Mar100:30:18.687:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.23.3onSerial1/3*Mar100:30:18.691:3.0.0.0in1hops

*Mar100:30:23.527:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.2)*Mar100:30:23.531:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar100:30:23.531:network2.0.0.0metric1*Mar100:30:23.531:network3.0.0.0metric2*Mar100:30:23.535:network192.168.23.0metric1

*Mar100:30:23.535:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/3(192.168.23.2)*Mar100:30:23.539:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar100:30:23.539:network1.0.0.0metric2*Mar100:30:23.539:network2.0.0.0metric1*Mar100:30:23.539:network192.168.12.0metric1

*Mar100:30:23.539:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaLoopback0(2.2.2.2)*Mar100:30:23.539:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar100:30:23.539:network1.0.0.0metric2*Mar100:30:23.539:network3.0.0.0metric2*Mar100:30:23.539:network192.168.12.0metric1*Mar100:30:23.539:network192.168.23.0metric1

*Mar100:30:27.727:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.12.1onSerial1/1*Mar100:30:27.731:1.0.0.0in1hops

*Mar100:30:27.731:2.0.0.0in16hops(inaccessible)*Mar100:30:27.731:3.0.0.0in16hops(inaccessible)*Mar100:30:27.735:192.168.23.0in16hops(inaccessible)

*Mar100:30:29.791:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.12.1onSerial1/1*Mar100:30:29.795:2.0.0.0in16hops(inaccessible)

*Mar100:30:29.795:3.0.0.0in16hops(inaccessible)*Mar100:30:29.799:192.168.23.0in16hops(inaccessible)

*Mar100:30:46.851:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.23.3onSerial1/3*Mar100:30:46.855:3.0.0.0in1hops

R1中的Flush計時器到期后,刪除不可達的路由:

【00:30:40.183------00:31:36.611;共計56.5左右,Invalidtimer后flush計時器到期】

*Mar100:31:36.611:RT:deletenetworkrouteto2.0.0.0*Mar100:31:36.611:RT:NET-RED2.0.0.0/8

*Mar100:31:36.615:RT:NET-REDqueued,Queuesize1*Mar100:31:36.615:RT:deletenetworkrouteto3.0.0.0*Mar100:31:36.619:RT:NET-RED3.0.0.0/8

*Mar100:31:36.619:RT:NET-REDqueued,Queuesize2*Mar100:31:36.623:RT:deletenetworkrouteto192.168.23.0*Mar100:31:36.623:RT:NET-RED192.168.23.0/24*Mar100:31:36.623:RT:NET-REDqueued,Queuesize3

*Mar100:31:36.627:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.1)*Mar100:31:36.627:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar100:31:36.631:network1.0.0.0metric1

*Mar100:31:36.631:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaLoopback0(1.1.1.1)*Mar100:31:36.635:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar100:31:36.635:network192.168.12.0metric1r1#shiproute

C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0

SleepTimer:(觸發(fā)更新計時器)

1.單位毫秒!,其他計時器單位都是秒;

2.RIP使用帶毒性逆轉(poisonreverse)的水平分割(splithorizon)和觸發(fā)更新。觸發(fā)更新

只要在有路由的度量值發(fā)生改變時就會產生,而且觸發(fā)更新不會引起接收路由器重置它們的更新計時器;因為如果這么做,網絡拓撲的改變會造成觸發(fā)更新“風暴”;3.還需使用另一個計時器,當一個觸發(fā)更新傳播時,這個計時器被隨機的設置為1-5s

之間的數值;在這個計時器超時前不能發(fā)送并發(fā)的觸發(fā)更新。

注意:

1.在rip的database里面invalidtimer時間180秒到了,就進入holddown180秒,Invalidtimer和Flushtimer同時開啟的;

備注:

1.在holddowntimer開始的時候就開始對外發(fā)路由毒化的路由,即hop=16,收到這個路由的設備毒性反轉,再發(fā)送hop=16回來(打破水平分割原則);holddown的存在理由就是為了使得全網的毒化路由接收一致,防止路由環(huán)路2.計時器總結

說明:Holddown計時器在無效計時器運行180s后,開啟,也只運行60s后;與刷新時間一起清零參考文檔

【修改四個計時器的值,重新觀察收不到路由更新后的過程】

使用默認的時間,調試過程時間較長,修改timer計時器時間,使得調試結果跟明顯

r1(config)#routerrip

r1(config-router)#timersbasic?

Intervalbetweenupdatesr1(config-router)#timersbasic5?Invalid

r1(config-router)#timersbasic510?Holddown

r1(config-router)#timersbasic51015?Flush

r1(config-router)#timersbasic5101520

r1#shipprotocolsRoutingProtocolis"rip"

Sendingupdatesevery5seconds,nextduein3secondsInvalidafter10seconds,holddown15,flushedafter20OutgoingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotsetIncomingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotsetRedistributing:rip……………r1(config)#ints1/1r1(config-if)#ipaccess

r1(config-if)#ipaccess-group111in

無效計時器10s過后,進入holddown計時器;

8

r1#shiproute

C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0

R2.0.0.0/8[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:10,Serial1/1R3.0.0.0/8[120/2]via192.168.12.2,00:00:10,Serial1/1R192.168.23.0/24[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:10,Serial1/1r1#

*Mar103:02:13.255:RT:deleterouteto2.0.0.0via192.168.12.2,ripmetric[120/1]*Mar103:02:13.255:RT:noroutesto2.0.0.0,enteringholddown

*Mar103:02:13.259:RT:deleterouteto3.0.0.0via192.168.12.2,ripmetric[120/2]*Mar103:02:13.263:RT:noroutesto3.0.0.0,enteringholddown

*Mar103:02:13.263:RT:deleterouteto192.168.23.0via192.168.12.2,ripmetric[120/1]*Mar103:02:13.267:RT:noroutesto192.168.23.0,enteringholddown

*Mar103:02:13.271:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.1)*Mar103:02:13.271:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar103:02:13.271:network1.0.0.0metric1*Mar103:02:13.275:network2.0.0.0metric16*Mar103:02:13.275:network3.0.0.0metric16*Mar103:02:13.279:network192.168.23.0metric16

*Mar103:02:13.279:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaLoopback0(1.1.1.1)*Mar103:02:13.283:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar103:02:13.283:network2.0.0.0metric16*Mar103:02:13.283:network3.0.0.0metric16*Mar103:02:13.287:network192.168.12.0metric1*Mar103:02:13.287:network192.168.23.0metric16

同時路由表中顯示從R2收的到的路由條目possiblydown

r1#shiproute

C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0

R2.0.0.0/8ispossiblydown,routingvia192.168.12.2,Serial1/1R3.0.0.0/8ispossiblydown,routingvia192.168.12.2,Serial1/1R192.168.23.0/24ispossiblydown,routingvia192.168.12.2,Serial1/1

r1將從R2收到的路由條目進行毒化后,傳播到其鄰居R2

*Mar103:02:15.259:RIP:sendingv1flashupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.1)

*Mar103:02:15.259:RIP:buildflashupdateentries*Mar103:02:15.263:network2.0.0.0metric16*Mar103:02:15.263:network3.0.0.0metric16*Mar103:02:15.263:network192.168.23.0metric16

*Mar103:02:15.263:RIP:sendingv1flashupdateto255.255.255.255viaLoopback0(1.1.1.1)*Mar103:02:15.263:RIP:buildflashupdateentries

*Mar103:02:15.263:network2.0.0.0metric16*Mar103:02:15.263:network3.0.0.0metric16*Mar103:02:15.263:network192.168.23.0metric16r1#

*Mar103:02:17.759:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.1)*Mar103:02:17.763:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar103:02:17.763:network1.0.0.0metric1*Mar103:02:17.763:network2.0.0.0metric16*Mar103:02:17.767:network3.0.0.0metric16*Mar103:02:17.767:network192.168.23.0metric16

*Mar103:02:17.771:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaLoopback0(1.1.1.1)*Mar103:02:17.771:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar103:02:17.771:network2.0.0.0metric16*Mar103:02:17.775:network3.0.0.0metric16*Mar103:02:17.775:network192.168.12.0metric1*Mar103:02:17.779:network192.168.23.0metric16

R1中的Flush計時器到期后,刪除不可達的路由:

【03:02:13.255------03:02:22.451;共計10s左右,Invalidtimer后flush計時器到期】

*Mar103:02:22.451:RT:deletenetworkrouteto2.0.0.0*Mar103:02:22.451:RT:NET-RED2.0.0.0/8

*Mar103:02:22.451:RT:NET-REDqueued,Queuesize1*Mar103:02:22.451:RT:deletenetworkrouteto3.0.0.0*Mar103:02:22.451:RT:NET-RED3.0.0.0/8

*Mar103:02:22.451:RT:NET-REDqueued,Queuesize2*Mar103:02:22.451:RT:deletenetworkrouteto192.168.23.0*Mar103:02:22.451:RT:NET-RED192.168.23.0/24*Mar103:02:22.451:RT:NET-REDqueued,Queuesize3

*Mar103:02:22.451:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.1)*Mar103:02:22.451:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar103:02:22.455:network1.0.0.0metric1

查看路由表,已無從R2學到的路由條目

r1#shiproute

C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0

R2從s1/1接口收到路由不可達的消息,及其發(fā)送的路由更新

*Mar103:56:07.875:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaLoopback0(2.2.2.2)*Mar103:56:07.879:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar103:56:07.879:network1.0.0.0metric2*Mar103:56:07.883:network3.0.0.0metric2*Mar103:56:07.883:network192.168.12.0metric1*Mar103:56:07.883:network192.168.23.0metric1

*Mar103:56:08.063:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.12.1onSerial1/1*Mar103:56:08.063:1.0.0.0in1hops

*Mar103:56:08.067:2.0.0.0in16hops(inaccessible)*Mar103:56:08.067:3.0.0.0in16hops(inaccessible)*Mar103:56:08.067:192.168.23.0in16hops(inaccessible)

*Mar103:56:08.071:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.23.3onSerial1/3*Mar103:56:08.071:3.0.0.0in1hops

*Mar103:56:10.051:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.12.1onSerial1/1*Mar103:56:10.051:2.0.0.0in16hops(inaccessible)*Mar103:56:10.051:3.0.0.0in16hops(inaccessible)*Mar103:56:10.055:192.168.23.0in16hops(inaccessible)

*Mar103:56:12.763:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.2)*Mar103:56:12.767:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar103:56:12.767:network2.0.0.0metric1*Mar103:56:12.767:network3.0.0.0metric2*Mar103:56:12.771:network192.168.23.0metric1……………

*Mar103:56:17.279:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.2)*Mar103:56:17.283:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar103:56:17.283:network2.0.0.0metric1*Mar103:56:17.283:network3.0.0.0metric2*Mar103:56:17.283:network192.168.23.0metric1

【觀察holddowntimer作用:在計時器超時前,如收到正確的更新,也不會更新其路由表】拓撲:

1.1.1.0/24---(lo1)R1(S1)-----------(S1)R2(S0)----------(S0)R11.在R1/R2/R3上同時修改四個計時器值

R(config)#routerrip

R(config-router)#timersbasic103030100

2.在R2上開啟debug信息

R2#debugiprip

RIPprotocoldebuggingisonR2#debugiproutingIProutingdebuggingison

3.在R1的S1上開啟passive接口,阻止發(fā)送更新給R2,觀察R2的debug信息

R1(config-router)#passive-interfaceserial1

跟進解說:

30s無效時間后,路由沒收到更新,該路由條目進入possiblydown狀態(tài)

R2的debug信息

02:23:39:RT:deleterouteto1.0.0.0via192.168.12.1,ripmetric[120/1]02:23:39:RT:noroutesto1.0.0.0,enteringholddown

02:23:39:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial0(192.168.23.2)02:23:39:RIP:buildupdateentries

02:23:39:network1.0.0.0metric16【路由中毒】02:23:39:network192.168.12.0metric1

02:23:39:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1(192.168.12.2)

02:23:39:RIP:buildupdateentries02:23:39:network1.0.0.0metric1602:23:39:network192.168.23.0metric1

02:23:39:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.23.3onSerial0

02:23:39:1.0.0.0in16hops(inaccessible)【毒性逆轉,打破水平分割原則】

R2的路由表信息,顯示1.0.0.0此路由條目已進入possibledown狀態(tài)

R2#shiproute

C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1

R1.0.0.0/8ispossiblydown,routingvia192.168.12.1,Serial12.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

C2.2.2.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback2C192.168.23.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial0

4.R2進入possibledown狀態(tài),在R1的S1上立刻關閉passive接口,觀察R2的debug信息

R1(config-router)#nopassive-interfaceserial1

R2收到路由正確的路由更新,但R2不將其寫入路由表中,R2路由表中的1.0.0.0還是在possibledown:

R2#

02:23:59:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.23.3onSerial002:23:59:1.0.0.0in16hops(inaccessible)

02:24:01:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.12.1onSerial102:24:01:1.0.0.0in1hopsR2#shiproute

C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1

R1.0.0.0/8ispossiblydown,routingvia192.168.12.1,Serial12.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

C2.2.2.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback2C192.168.23.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial0

02:24:07:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial0(192.168.23.2)02:24:07:RIP:buildupdateentries02:24:07:network1.0.0.0metric1602:24:07:network192.168.12.0metric1

02:24:07:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1(192.168.12.2)02:24:07:RIP:buildupdateentries02:24:07:network1.0.0.0metric1602:24:07:network192.168.23.0metric1

02:24:07:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.23.3onSerial002:24:07:1.0.0.0in16hops(inaccessible)

02:24:10:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.12.1onSerial102:24:10:1.0.0.0in1hops

02:24:10:RT:1.0.0.0cameoutofholddown【holddowntimer超時,正確的路由寫入路由表】02:24:10:RT:add1.0.0.0/8via192.168.12.1,ripmetric[120/1]

【02:23:39-----02:24:10,約30s左右,才將正確的路由信息,寫入路由表中】

3.解決RIP中路由回環(huán)問題的機制~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

RIP是一個基于流言的路由協(xié)議,屬于距離矢量路由協(xié)議。它容易產生路由環(huán)路,為了解決路由回環(huán)問題,RIP定義了七種機制:1、最大跳數(Maxhop-count)2、水平分割(splithorizon)3、路由毒化

4、毒性翻轉(poisonreverse)5、抑制時間(holddown-timer)6、觸發(fā)更新(triggeredupdate)

7、異步更新[更新時間是一個25.5s--30s之間的隨機值]

RIP的metric是基于跳數(hop-count)的。有兩個敏感值:15,16。

15跳是邊緣跳數,是一個極限值;而16跳就是死亡跳數,它代表不可達。

4.關于水平分割(Splithorizon)

1、對于一個路由器,路由信息從一個接口進入后,不能再從這個接口發(fā)出(但可以從別的接口發(fā)出)

2、適用于哪些協(xié)議:

只適用于DV協(xié)議,不適用于LS協(xié)議。實驗說明:

*Mar104:12:01.626:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.2)*Mar104:12:01.630:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar104:12:01.630:network2.0.0.0metric1*Mar104:12:01.630:network3.0.0.0metric2*Mar104:12:01.634:network192.168.23.0metric1

*Mar104:12:01.634:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/3(192.168.23.2)*Mar104:12:01.638:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar104:12:01.638:network1.0.0.0metric2*Mar104:12:01.638:network2.0.0.0metric1*Mar104:12:01.642:network192.168.12.0metric1………………

*Mar104:12:13.374:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.12.1onSerial1/1*Mar104:12:13.378:1.0.0.0in1hops

*Mar104:12:14.950:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.23.3onSerial1/3*Mar104:12:14.954:3.0.0.0in1hops

5.RIP的基本配置:

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

R3#shrun|bripR1(config)#routerrip

R1(config-router)#network13.0.0.0R1(config-router)#network172.168.0.0

(宣告與本路由直接相連的網絡,只需要宣告其主類網絡)

debugiprip(察看RIP的路由信息的收發(fā))

showiprouterip(察看從RIP學到的路由信息)undebugall(關閉所有的Debug)

6.RIP的版本控制:默認情況運行v1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

showipprotocols(查看RIP的版本控制)在未指定版本時,RIP的默認版本是:發(fā)1,收1/2指定V1:發(fā)1收1指定V2:發(fā)2收2.

在全局配置,對所有接口生效:R1(config)#routerrip

R1(config-routing)#version1R1(config-routing)#version2

對特定接口,指定RIP版本,(接口的優(yōu)先級一般比全局要高)interfaceserial0

ipripsendversion1/2ipripreceiveversion1/2

實驗舉例:R1的配置:

interfaceSerial1/1

ipripreceiveversion1R2的配置:routerripversion2

R1上的debug信息輸出:

*Mar104:38:19.122:RIP:ignoredv2packetfrom192.168.12.2(illegalversion)

R2的debug信息輸出:

*Mar104:40:41.998:RIP:ignoredv1packetfrom192.168.23.3(illegalversion)*Mar104:40:49.218:RIP:ignoredv1packetfrom192.168.12.1(illegalversion)*Mar104:40:51.194:RIP:ignoredv1packetfrom192.168.12.1(illegalversion)*Mar104:40:58.362:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.2)*Mar104:40:58.362:RIP:buildupdateentries

*Mar104:40:58.366:1.0.0.0/8via0.0.0.0,metric16,tag0*Mar104:40:58.366:2.0.0.0/8via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar104:40:58.370:3.0.0.0/8via0.0.0.0,metric16,tag0*Mar104:40:58.370:192.168.23.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0

7.V1與V2的區(qū)別

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

V1:不攜帶子網掩碼,不攜帶下一跳信息,用播地址(255.255.255.255)發(fā)送路由更新.V2:攜帶子網掩碼,攜帶下一跳信息,用組播地址(224.0.0.9)發(fā)送路由更新.

實驗說明:

r1(config)#routerrip

r1(config-router)#version2

r1(config-router)#noauto-summary

*Mar104:27:41.262:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.1)*Mar104:27:41.262:RIP:buildupdateentries

*Mar104:27:41.266:1.1.1.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0

*Mar104:27:41.266:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaLoopback0(1.1.1.1)*Mar104:27:41.270:RIP:buildupdateentries

*Mar104:27:41.270:192.168.12.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0

*Mar104:27:41.278:RIP:ignoredv2packetfrom1.1.1.1(sourcedfromoneofouraddresses)

R2配置不變

*Mar104:28:52.494:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.2)*Mar104:28:52.498:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar104:28:52.498:network2.0.0.0metric1*Mar104:28:52.498:network3.0.0.0metric2*Mar104:28:52.502:network192.168.23.0metric1

*Mar104:28:52.502:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/3(192.168.23.2)*Mar104:28:52.506:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar104:28:52.506:network1.0.0.0metric2*Mar104:28:52.510:network2.0.0.0metric1

8.運行RIP版本1的接口的收發(fā)原則:

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

RIP版本1中,發(fā)送update中的條目不帶子網掩碼(因為它是有類的路由協(xié)議),為了保證掩碼相同,在發(fā)送條目之前要進行是否發(fā)送的判斷

發(fā)送方的判斷:

發(fā)送端口判斷是否屬于水平分割是:不發(fā)判斷過程否:發(fā)送備注防止路由環(huán)路的一個方法子網劃分的長度一樣則發(fā)生比較要發(fā)送的條目和發(fā)送端主類地址相同:掩碼相同:發(fā)送口的主類網絡比較掩碼掩碼不同:1.不發(fā)送不支持VLSM,因為2./32位主機路由則法classful主類地址不相同:匯總成主類網絡發(fā)送接收方的判斷:

接收端口判斷判斷過程備注比較收到的條目和接收端口相同:用接收端口的掩碼填充該條目不支持VLSM的主類地址不同:用收到條目的主類地址的掩碼填充該條目掩碼9.RIP的自動/手工匯總

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~自動匯總

RIPv1/v2,在網絡邊界都會發(fā)生自動匯總,匯總到其主類網絡的默認路由長度。

A:5.0.0.0/8B:128.5.0.0/16C:192.5.5.0/24

實驗舉例:【R1/R2/R3都啟用RIPv2,啟用自動匯總】

R2在網絡23.0.0.0和192.168.12.0的邊界上,進行自動匯總

*Mar105:04:37.238:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.2)*Mar105:04:37.242:RIP:buildupdateentries

*Mar105:04:37.242:2.0.0.0/8via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar105:04:37.246:3.0.0.0/8via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar105:04:37.246:23.0.0.0/8via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0

RIPv2可以關閉自動匯總R2#

routerrip

noauto-summary

R3上,就有了明細路由

手工匯總

在需要進行路由匯總的出接口:

R3(config-if)#ipsummary-addressrip172.168.0.0255.255.192.0

對比:RIP與EIGRP的匯總

R3(config-if)#IPsummary-addressrip172.168.0.0255.255.192.0R172.168.0.0/18

在運行RIP的接口中進行手工匯總,把匯總后的結果從接口通告出去

R1(config-if)#ipsummary-addresseigrp90172.16.0.0255.255.248.0在運行EIGRP的接口中進行手工匯總,把匯總后的結果從接口通告出去

實驗舉例:

【R1/R2/R3都啟用RIPv2,R1關閉自動匯總,r2/r3啟用自動匯總,在R1的S1/1手工匯總】R1配置如下:

interfaceSerial1/1

ipaddress192.168.12.1255.255.255.0

ipsummary-addressrip1.1.0.0255.255.252.0

R1的debug信息如下:

*Mar105:32:31.886:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.1)*Mar105:32:31.890:RIP:buildupdateentries

*Mar105:32:31.890:1.1.0.0/22via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar105:32:31.894:1.1.4.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar105:32:31.894:1.1.5.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0

R1路由表如下:

C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,5subnets

C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0C1.1.2.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback2C1.1.3.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback3C1.1.4.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback4C1.1.5.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback5

R2.0.0.0/8[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:09,Serial1/1R3.0.0.0/8[120/2]via192.168.12.2,00:00:09,Serial1/1R23.0.0.0/8[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:09,Serial1/1

R2路由表如下:

C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/8isvariablysubnetted,4subnets,3masks

R1.1.0.0/22[120/1]via192.168.12.1,00:00:13,Serial1/1R1.0.0.0/8[120/1]via192.168.12.1,00:01:39,Serial1/1R1.1.4.0/24[120/1]via192.168.12.1,00:00:13,Serial1/1R1.1.5.0/24[120/1]via192.168.12.1,00:00:13,Serial1/12.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

C2.2.2.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0R3.0.0.0/8[120/1]via23.1.1.3,00:00:08,Serial1/323.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

C23.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/3

10.RIP的單播更新:(Unicast-Update)/被動接口(適用于物理鏈路上,無法支持廣播/組播流量的情況)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~被動接口(只接收不發(fā)送):

讓需要進行單播更新的接口,不再發(fā)送廣播/組播的路由更新信息.1-1:需要PASS的接口很少時:

R2(config-router)#passive-interfaceserial0(讓特定一個接口不再發(fā)送廣播/組播的路由更新.)

1-2:需要pass的接口很多時:

R1(config-router)#passive-interfacedefault

(讓所有接口都不發(fā)送廣播/組播的路由更新.=(passiveallinterface)

R1(config-router)#nopassive-interfaceserial0(單獨讓一個接口可以發(fā)送廣播/組播更新)

讓已經Pass的接口,發(fā)送單播的路由更新.R1(config-router)#neighbor12.0.0.2

R2(config-router)#neighbor12.0.0.1(對方的IP)

debugiprip(察看RIP路由的收發(fā)情況)

實驗舉例:

r2(config)#routerrip

r2(config-router)#passive-interfaceserial1/3

*Mar107:45:24.074:RIP:receivedv2updatefrom23.1.1.3onSerial1/3*Mar107:45:24.078:3.3.3.0/24via0.0.0.0in1hops

*Mar107:45:26.082:RIP:sendingv2flashupdateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.2)*Mar107:45:26.082:RIP:buildflashupdateentries

*Mar107:45:26.082:3.3.3.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0

*Mar107:45:26.082:RIP:sendingv2flashupdateto224.0.0.9viaLoopback0(2.2.2.2)*Mar107:45:26.082:RIP:buildflashupdateentries

*Mar107:45:26.082:3.3.3.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0

*Mar107:45:26.086:RIP:ignoredv2packetfrom2.2.2.2(sourcedfromoneofouraddresses)*Mar107:45:26.282:RIP:receivedv2updatefrom192.168.12.1onSerial1/1*Mar107:45:26.286:1.1.0.0/22via0.0.0.0in1hops*Mar107:45:26.290:1.1.4.0/24via0.0.0.0in1hops*Mar107:45:26.290:1.1.5.0/24via0.0.0.0in1hops

*Mar107:45:28.290:RIP:sendingv2flashupdateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.2)*Mar107:45:28.290:RIP:buildflashupdateentries-suppressingnullupdate*Mar107:45:28.294:RIP:sendingv2flashupdateto224.0.0.9viaLoopback0(2.2.2.2)*Mar107:45:28.298:RIP:buildflashupdateentries

*Mar107:45:28.298:1.1.0.0/22via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:45:28.298:1.1.4.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:45:28.302:1.1.5.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0

*Mar107:45:28.310:RIP:ignoredv2packetfrom2.2.2.2(sourcedfromoneofouraddresses)*Mar107:45:49.066:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.2)*Mar107:45:49.066:RIP:buildupdateentries

*Mar107:45:49.066:2.2.2.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar107:45:49.066:3.0.0.0/8via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:45:49.066:3.3.3.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:45:49.066:23.1.1.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0

*Mar107:45:49.066:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaLoopback0(2.2.2.2)*Mar107:45:49.066:RIP:buildupdateentries

*Mar107:45:49.066:1.0.0.0/8via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:45:49.066:1.1.0.0/22via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0

*Mar107:45:49.066:1.1.4.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:45:49.066:1.1.5.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:45:49.066:3.0.0.0/8via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:45:49.066:3.3.3.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:45:49.066:23.1.1.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar107:45:49.066:192.168.12.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0

*Mar107:45:49.066:RIP:ignoredv2packetfrom2.2.2.2(sourcedfromoneofouraddresses)*Mar107:45:50.742:RIP:receivedv2updatefrom23.1.1.3onSerial1/3*Mar107:45:50.746:3.3.3.0/24via0.0.0.0in1hops

r2(config-router)#neighbor23.1.1.3

*Mar107:46:42.674:RIP:sendingv2updateto23.1.1.3viaSerial1/3(23.1.1.2)*Mar107:46:42.674:RIP:buildupdateentries

*Mar107:46:42.674:1.0.0.0/8via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:46:42.674:1.1.0.0/22via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:46:42.674:1.1.4.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:46:42.674:1.1.5.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:46:42.674:2.2.2.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar107:46:42.674:192.168.12.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0

11.RIP的觸發(fā)更新

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~注意:

1,觸發(fā)更新只能配置在串口下R3(config)#ints1/3

R3(config-if)#ipriptriggered

2.配置上觸發(fā)更新后,holddowntimer標志為0,表示永不超時,路由永不被刪除Router#shipprotocolsRoutingProtocolis"rip"

Sendingupdatesevery30seconds,nextduein17secondsInvalidafter180seconds,holddown0,flushedafter240………………

RoutingforNetworks:192.168.23.0

RoutingInformationSources:

GatewayDistanceLastUpdate192.168.23.21201*:09:06Distance:(defaultis120)

3.啟用觸發(fā)更新,鏈路兩邊路由器都要配置觸發(fā)更新;因為這個需要協(xié)商,否則有問題R2(config)#ints1/3

R2(config-if)#ipriptriggeredR3(config)#ints1/3

R3(config-if)#ipriptriggered

19

4.啟用觸發(fā)更后,路由更新時是增量更新,只從啟用了觸發(fā)更新的接口,發(fā)送一次。R3(config)#intlo2

R3(config-if)#ipadd33.33.33.0

r3(config)#routerrip

r3(config-router)#net33.0.0.0r3(config-router)#

*Mar100:15:49.947:RIP:sendingrequestonLoopback2to255.255.255.255*Mar100:15:51.947:RIP:sendv1triggeredupdateto192.168.23.2onSerial1/3*Mar100:15:51.947:RIP:buildupdateentries

*Mar100:15:51.947:route8:network33.0.0.0metric1

*Mar100:15:51.947:RIP:Updatecontains1routes,start8,end8*Mar100:15:51.947:RIP:startretransmittimerof192.168.23.2

*Mar100:15:51.951:RIP:sendingv1flashupdateto255.255.255.255viaLoopback2(33.33.33.3)

*Mar100:15:51.951:RIP:buildflashupdateentries-suppressingnullupdate*Mar100:15:52.071:RIP:receivedv1triggeredackfrom192.168.23.2onSerial1/3

12.RIPauthentication/RIP認證

(保證RIP路由網絡,路由信息交換的安全性)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~明文認證原則:

1.只發(fā)送最小keyid2.不攜帶keyid

3.接收方會自己的所有密匙進行比較,如果相同的密匙,則接受路由

密文認證原則:

1.只發(fā)送最小的keyid2.攜帶keyid,

3.接收方對比收到的keyid

1)有相同的keyid,比較看密鑰是否相同,相同則接受對方的路由,不同則不接受2)沒有相同keyid,只往下比較一次,相同則接受對方的路由,不同則不接受

總結:rip的路由要分開考慮,我發(fā)送出去的密鑰如果對方認證通過,那么對方就給我發(fā)送路由。所以會有單邊路由的情況。

Step1:在全局模式,配置KEY-CHAIN:

R1/2/3(config)#keychainccnp(自定義的名稱)

R1/2/3(config-keychain)#key1(若有多個值/1、2、3,默認發(fā)最小的那個)R1/2/3(config-keychain-key)#key-stringcisco(密碼)

step2:在接口中,調用keychain:

R1/R2(config-if)#ipripauthenticationkey-chainCCNP

Step3:在接口中,選擇認證類型:(明文/密文),默認明文,認證方式兩邊必須一樣R1/2(config-if)#ipripauthenticationmodetext(明文)R1/2(config-if)#ipripauthenticationmodemd5(密文)

13.Offset-list/偏置列表,實現RIP路由的控制~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~RIP的等價的負載均衡:

實驗拓撲:

R6(1/3)(1/3)R1(s1/1)--192.168.12.0/24--(1/1)R2(1/3)--192.168.23.0/24---(S1/3)R3|(F0/0)-----------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------(F0/0)|Lo1Lo33

要點提示:

通過offset-list,實現RIP中的不等價網絡拓撲中的,等價負載均衡默認:RIP不支持非等價負載均衡

Offset-list出方向的路由控制(出口的偏置,只影響下游路由器,不影響本機)R1配置

access-list10permit33.33.33.00.0.0.255//通過ACL定義需要控制的路由routerrip

offset-list10out4Serial1/3

r1#shipripdatabase1.0.0.0/8auto-summary

1.1.1.0/24directlyconnected,Loopback133.0.0.0/8auto-summary33.33.33.0/24

[1]via192.168.13.3,00:00:02,FastEthernet0/0192.168.12.0/24auto-summary

192.168.12.0/24directlyconnected,Serial1/1192.168.13.0/24auto-summary

192.168.13.0/24directlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0192.168.16.0/24auto-summary

192.168.16.0/24directlyconnected,Serial1/3192.168.23.0/24auto-summary192.168.23.0/24

[1]via192.168.13.3,00:00:02,FastEthernet0/0[1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:21,Serial1/1

R6#shipripdatabase1.0.0.0/8auto-summary

1.1.1.0/24

[1]via192.168.16.1,00:00:01,Serial1/333.0.0.0/8auto-summary33.33.33.0/24

[6]via192.168.16.1,00:00:01,Serial1/3192.168.12.0/24auto-summary192.168.12.0/24

[1]via192.168.16.1,00:00:01,Serial1/3192.168.13.0/24auto-summary192.168.13.0/24

[1]via192.168.16.1,00:00:01,Serial1/3192.168.16.0/24auto-summary

192.168.16.0/24directlyconnected,Serial1/3192.168.23.0/24auto-summary192.168.23.0/24

[2]via192.168.16.1,00:00:01,Serial1/3

出口的偏置,只影響下游路由器,不影響本機;R1的debug輸出結果

*Mar103:05:35.771:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/3(192.168.16.1)

*Mar103:05:35.771:RIP:buildupdateentries

*Mar103:05:35.775:1.1.1.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar103:05:35.775:33.33.33.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric6,tag0*Mar103:05:35.775:192.168.12.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar103:05:35.775:192.168.13.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar103:05:35.775:192.168.23.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0

*Mar103:05:35.775:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaLoopback1(1.1.1.1)

*Mar103:05:35.775:RIP:buildupdateentries

*Mar103:05:35.775:33.33.33.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar103:05:35.775:192.168.12.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar103:05:35.775:192.168.13.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar103:05:35.775:192.168.16.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar103:05:35.775:192.168.23.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0

Offset-list入方向的路由控制(入口的偏置,本機和下游路由器都受影響)R1配置

access-list10permit33.33.33.00.0.0.255//通過ACL定義需要控制的路由routerrip

offset-list10in2FastEthernet0/0offset-list10in1Serial1/1

正常情況下R1的rip路由信息數據庫r1#shipripdatabase

1.0.0.0/8auto-summary

1.1.1.0/24directlyconnected,Loopback133.0.0.0/8auto-summary33.33.33.0/24

[3]via192.168.12.2,00:00:15,Serial1/1

[3]via192.168.13.3,00:00:00,FastEthernet0/0192.168.12.0/24auto-summary

192.168.12.0/24directlyconnected,Serial1/1192.168.13.0/24auto-summary

192.168.13.0/24directlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0192.168.16.0/24auto-summary

192.168.16.0/24directlyconnected,Serial1/3192.168.23.0/24auto-summary192.168.23.0/24

[1]via192.168.13.3,00:00:00,FastEthernet0/0[1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:15,Serial1/1

影響下游路由器和本機,R1的debug輸出信息如下:

*Mar102:18:55.195:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/3(192.168.16.1)*Mar102:18:55.199:RIP:buildupdateentries

*Mar102:18:55.199:1.1.1.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar102:18:55.203:33.33.33.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric4,tag0*Mar102:18:55.203:192.168.12.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar102:18:55.207:192.168.13.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar102:18:55.207:192.168.23.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0

*Mar102:18:55.211:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaLoopback1(1.1.1.1)*Mar102:18:55.211:RIP:buildupdateentries

*Mar102:18:55.215:33.33.33.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric4,tag0*Mar102:18:55.215:192.168.12.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar102:18:55.219:192.168.13.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar102:18:55.219:192.168.16.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar102:18:55.223:192.168.23.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0正常情況下R6的rip路由信息數據庫Router#shipripdatabase1.0.0.0/8auto-summary1.1.1.0/24

[1]via192.168.16.1,00:00:22,Serial1/333.0.0.0/8auto-summary33.33.33.0/24

[2]via192.168.16.1,00:00:22,Serial1/3192.168.12.0/24auto-summary192.168.12.0/24

[1]via192.168.16.1,00:00:22,Serial1/3192.168.13.0/24auto-summary192.168.13.0/24

[1]via192.168.16.1,00:00:22,Serial1/3192.168.16.0/24auto-summary

192.168.16.0/24directlyconnected,Serial1/3192.168.23.0/24auto-summary192.168.23.0/24

[2]via192.168.16.1,00:00:22,Serial1/3

影響下游路由器,查看R6的rip路由信息數據庫R6#shipripdatabase

1.0.0.0/8auto-summary1.1.1.0/24

[1]via192.168.16.1,00:00:11,Serial1/333.0.0.0/8auto-summary33.33.33.0/24

[4]via192.168.16.1,00:00:11,Serial1/3192.168.12.0/24auto-summary192.168.12.0/24

[1]via192.168.16.1,00:00:11,Serial1/3192.168.13.0/24auto-summary192.168.13.0/24

[1]via192.168.16.1,00:00:11,Serial1/3192.168.16.0/24auto-summary

192.168.16.0/24directlyconnected,Serial1/3192.168.23.0/24auto-summary192.168.23.0/24

[2]via192.168.16.1,00:00:11,Serial1/3

14.RIP傳遞默認路由的5種方法

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

拓撲:

|----------------------RIP------------|--------ISP網絡------------------||

Lo1--R1(s1/1)--192.168.12.0/24---(s1/1)R2(s1/3)--192.168.23.0/24---(S1/3)R3||在一個單出口網絡內部運行RIP協(xié)議,在網絡出口處的路由器需要向RIP域內傳播一條默認路由,這樣,域內的路由器就可以通過默認路由訪問外部網絡。

通過RIP傳遞默認路由共有5種方法:

1.使用default-informationoriginate;配置動態(tài)路由協(xié)議,向區(qū)域內產生一條缺省路由

2.手工寫一條默認路由(到NULL0)然后重分布到RIP中;3.手工寫一條默認路由(到NULL0)在進程中宣告;4.使用ipdefault-network;

配置路由器的缺省網關,當關閉路由器的路由轉發(fā)功能時,此網關做為對外通信的缺省網關;

1)ipdefault-network后要跟地址的主類網絡2)要在進程中通告該網絡3)確保本地有該條路由

5.在接口匯總0.0.0.0/0到NULL0的路由【要在版本2下】

在R1/R2啟用RIP協(xié)議,R2的S1/3到R3的S1/3模擬成ISP網絡

【路由器基本配置】R1

interfaceLoopback1

ipaddress1.1.1.1255.255.255.0interfaceSerial1/1

ipaddress192.168.12.1255.255.255.0routerripversion2

network1.0.0.0

network192.168.12.0noauto-summary

------------------R2

interfaceLoopback2

ipaddress2.2.2.2255.255.255.0interfaceSerial1/3

ipaddress192.168.23.2255.255.255.0clockrate56000interfaceSerial1/1

ipaddress192.168.12.2255.255.255.0clockrate56000

routerripversion2

network2.0.0.0

network192.168.12.0noauto-summary

iproute0.0.0.00.0.0.0Serial0

------------------R3

interfaceLoopback3

ipaddress3.3.3.3255.255.255.0interfaceSerial1/3

ipaddress192.168.23.3255.255.255.0iproute0.0.0.00.0.0.0192.168.23.2

在沒傳遞默認路由前的路由表:r1#shiproute

C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback1

r2#shiproute

Gatewayoflastresortis0.0.0.0tonetwork0.0.0.0

C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

R1.1.1.0[120/1]via192.168.12.1,00:00:05,Serial1/12.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

C2.2.2.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback2C192.168.23.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/3S*0.0.0.0/0isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/3

r3#shiproute

3.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

C3.3.3.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback3C192.168.23.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/3S*0.0.0.0/0[1/0]via192.168.23.2

方法1:default-informationoriginateR2:routerripversion2

network192.168.12.0

default-informationoriginatenoauto-summary

Router#shiproute

Codes:C-connected,S-static,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGPC192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback12.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

R2.2.2.0[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:06,Serial1/1R*0.0.0.0/0[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:06,Serial1/

方法2:默認路由重分布到RIP中r2(config)#routerrip

r2(config-router)#redistributestaticmetric2

r2(config)#iproute0.0.0.00.0.0.0Serial0(必須是出接口,否則不傳遞默認路由)r1#shiproute

C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback12.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

R2.2.2.0[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:00,Serial1/1R*0.0.0.0/0[120/2]via192.168.12.2,00:00:00,Serial1/1

r1#ping3.3.3.3

Typeescapesequencetoabort.

Sending5,100-byteICMPEchosto3.3.3.3,timeoutis2seconds:!!!!!

Successrateis100percent(5/5),round-tripmin/avg/max=60/97/144ms

方法3:默認路由在進程中宣告r2(config)#routerrip

r2(config-router)#network0.0.0.0

C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback12.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

R2.2.2.0[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:23,Serial1/1R*0.0.0.0/0[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:23,Serial1/1

方法4:使用ipdefault-network

r2(config)#ipdefault-network192.168.23.0

R2:

C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

R1.1.1.0[120/1]via192.168.12.1,00:00:21,Serial1/12.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

C2.2.2.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback2C*192.168.23.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/3S*0.0.0.0/0isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/3

R1:

C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback12.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

R2.2.2.0[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:10,Serial1/1

R192.168.23.0/24[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:10,Serial1/1R*0.0.0.0/0[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:10,Serial1/1

方法5:在接口匯總0.0.0.0/0到NULL0的路由【要在版本2下】r2(config)#ints1/1

r2(config-if)#ipsummary-addressrip0.0.0.00.0.0.0r2(config-router)#redistributeconnected

C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets

C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback1

R*0.0.0.0/0[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:11,Serial1/1

R2:

Router#shipripdatabase0.0.0.0/0int-summary1.0.0.0/8auto-summary1.1.1.0/24

[1]via192.168.12.1,00:00:08,Serial1/12.0.0.0/8auto-summary

2.2.2.0/24directlyconnected,Loopback2192.168.12.0/24auto-summary

192.168.12.0/24directlyconnected,Serial1/1192.168.23.0/24auto-summary192.168.23.0/24redistributed[1]via0.0.0.0,Router#

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