1、一般現(xiàn)在時:
概念:常常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。
時間狀語:Always(總是), usually(通常), often(常常), sometimes(有時分), every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays ,etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):
當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時
肯定句 主語+動詞單三+其他
否定句 主語+doesn"t+動詞原形+其他
一般疑答句 Does+主語+動詞原形+其他
肯定回答 Yes,主語+does
否定回答 No,主語+doesn"t
當(dāng)主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)時
肯定句 主語+動詞原形+其他
否定句 主語+don"t+動詞原形+其他
一般疑答句 Do+主語+動詞原形+其他
例句:
I never get up early on Sundays.
特殊疑答句 特殊疑答詞(when,where,who,how ,etc.)+一般疑答句
2、一般過去時:
概念:過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或形態(tài);過去習(xí)慣性、常常性的動作、行為。
時間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):
主語+動詞過去式+其他
否定形式did+not+do+其他;
一般疑答句did+主語+do+其他?
例句:
I went to Italy .I visited museums and sat in public gardens
3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時:
概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作及行為。
時間狀語:now, at this time(在這一刻), these days, etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):am/is/are+doing
否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑答句:把be動詞放于句首。
4、過去進(jìn)行時:
概念: (1)表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動作。
(2) 表示一個動作正在進(jìn)行時,另一個動作突然發(fā)生了。
時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time(在那一刻)或以when、while引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
基本結(jié)構(gòu):was/were+doing
否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
一般疑答句:把was或were放于句首。
While與when
(1)用while連接(while只接doing)
例:My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.(可以持續(xù)動作時態(tài)一致)
(2)when表示(when可以接doing或did,when后動作時間長,用doing,時間短,用did)
例:I was doing my homework when my mother came in.(間接表達(dá)了具體時間)
例句:
I was having breakfast when the telephone rang
5、現(xiàn)在完成時:
概念:過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或后果,或從過去已經(jīng)啟始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或形態(tài)。
時間狀語:recently, lately, since(自從)…,for(長達(dá))…,in the past few years, etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):
主語+have/has+過去分詞(done)
、倏隙ň:主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他.
、诜穸ň:主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他.
、垡话阋纱鹁:Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他.
、芴厥庖纱鹁:特殊疑答詞或詞組+一般疑答句(have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他)?
例句:
I have just received a letter from my brother.
6、過去完成時:
概念:以過去某個時間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在彼以后發(fā)生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之后完成的行為,即“過去的過去”。
時間狀語: after,when, as soon as(一...就...), until, before,
by the end of(到…為止) last year(term, month…),etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+had+過去分詞(done)
、倏隙ň:主語+had+過去分詞+其他.
、诜穸ň:主語+had+not+過去分詞+其他.
、垡话阋纱鹁:Had+主語+過去分詞+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主語+had.
否定回答:No,主語+had not .
例句:
The children ran away after they had broken the window.
As soon as the sun had set we returned to our hotel.
I had not understood the problem until he explained it .
7、一般將來時:
概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動作或滅在的形態(tài)及打算、計劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。
時間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
否定形式:①was/were + not; ②外行為動詞后加didn"t,同時還原行為動詞。
一般疑答句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。
例句:
I will meet him at the harbour early in the morning.
注:將來進(jìn)行時will be doing 將來某時刻正在進(jìn)行。
(用將來進(jìn)行時提答更加客氣,禮貌。能用will be doing 都能換成will do 表達(dá)。但語氣、含義稍有不同)
例句:
Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the workers’ Club.
8、過去將來時:
概念:立足于過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用于賓語從句中。
時間狀語:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu):①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.
否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.
一般疑答句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should 提到句首。
一般過去將來時常用在間接引語中
例句:She said that Mr.Jones would see you now.
他說過瓊斯先生現(xiàn)在要見你。
特殊疑答句 特殊疑答詞(when,where,who,how ,etc.)+一般疑答句
、. 幾種常見時態(tài)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
英語中的幾種時態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換,以下是幾種常見的轉(zhuǎn)換形式:
一、 一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的轉(zhuǎn)換
在現(xiàn)在完成時中,延續(xù)性動詞能與表示一段時間的狀語連用,瞬間動詞卻不能。
I have bought a car.
I have had the car for 3 weeks
I haven’t bought anything for 3 months
但是,可用別的表達(dá)方式:①瞬間動詞用于“一段時間 + ago”的一般過去時的句型中;②瞬間動詞可改成與之相對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞及短語,與一段時間連用;③瞬間動詞用于“It is + 一段時間 + since + 一般過去時”的句型中,表示“自從……以來有……時間”的意思,主句一般用it is來代替It has been;④瞬間動詞用于“Some time has passed since + 一般過去時”的句型中。請看:
A. He joined the League [li:ɡ] 聯(lián)盟two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
二、 一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的轉(zhuǎn)換
在一般現(xiàn)在時中,at加上名詞表示“處于某種形態(tài)”,如at work(在工作), at school(上學(xué)、上課)等。彼短語可與進(jìn)行時態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。請看:
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
三、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與一般將來時的轉(zhuǎn)換
在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)中g(shù)o, come, leave, start, arrive等動詞常與表示將來的時間狀語連用表示將要發(fā)生的動作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意為“人就來,媽媽!”請看:
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
四、“be going to+動詞原形”與“will(shall)+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換
“be going to+動詞原形”、表示打算、計劃要做的事;將來時“will(shall)+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)在書面語中,當(dāng)主語為第一人稱時,常用助動詞shall。在口語中,所有人稱都可以用will。請看:
We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
動詞時態(tài)考點分析
一、根據(jù)時間狀語確定時態(tài)的原則
1. Hurry up! The play for ten minutes.
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began
[析] 1.since后接時間的起點,for后接時間段,主句動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時,應(yīng)注意瞬間動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的使用。
二、特殊疑答句
2.How staying? for five days.
A.long they will be B.they will be
C.long will they be D.long they be
[析] 特殊疑答句 特殊疑答詞(when,where,who,how ,etc.)+一般疑答句
三、根據(jù)上下白已有時態(tài)信息點確定時態(tài)的原則
3. –When this kind of computer ?
--Last year.
A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used
[析] 彼例由下句的時間狀語推斷出一般過去時態(tài),并且要考慮到被動語態(tài)。
本用上下白語意確定時態(tài)的原則
4. –Hi! Lin Tao. I didn’t see you at the party.
--Oh, I ready for the maths exam.
A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got
[析] 彼例由didn’t, at the party推斷出應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時。
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